A. Calcium bicarbonate
B. Magnesium bicarbonate
C. Magnesium chloride
D. Calcium nitrate
E. Calcium sulphate
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Permanent Hardness Salts Identified
Permanent hardness in water is caused by the presence of soluble salts of calcium and magnesium, specifically their chlorides, sulphates, and nitrates. Temporary hardness, in contrast, is caused by bicarbonates.
Salt Analysis for Hardness
Let's analyze the salts mentioned in the options:
- Calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2): Causes temporary hardness, removable by boiling.
- Magnesium bicarbonate (Mg(HCO3)2): Causes temporary hardness, removable by boiling.
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl2): Causes permanent hardness.
- Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2): Causes permanent hardness.
- Calcium sulphate (CaSO4): Causes permanent hardness.
Identifying Correct Salts
Based on the analysis, the salts responsible for permanent hardness are Magnesium chloride (C), Calcium nitrate (D), and Calcium sulphate (E).
Therefore, the correct option includes C, D, and E only.
Important Questions from Water Treatment
Anthrax is caused by a type of
The length of sedimentation tank should be atleast _______ the breadth of the tank.
The primary waste water treatment is aimed at:
The efficiency of a sedimentation tank (in percentage) is calculated using which of the following formulas?
Zero hardness of water is achieved by
