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Question

One of the properties associated with X-rays is that they can be deflected by

This question was previously asked in
BPSC 70th 2024 Prelims General Studies Re-Exam Question Paper (04-Jan-2025)
The correct answer is

None of the above

 X-rays are not deflected by either field — option 4.

Why. An electric field exerts a force \(F=qE\) and a magnetic field a force \(F=qvB\sin\theta\). Both are proportional to the charge q. X-rays are electromagnetic waves — photons, which are electrically neutral. With q equal to zero, both forces vanish, and the rays travel in straight lines through any field however strong.

RadiationNatureChargeDeflected by E or B ?
AlphaHelium nucleus+2eYes — strongly
BetaElectron−eYes — oppositely, and more sharply, being lighter
GammaElectromagnetic wave0No
X-rayElectromagnetic wave0No

What X-rays are. Discovered by W. C. Röntgen in 1895 — the discovery for which the first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 1901 — they occupy the band of wavelengths between about 0·01 and 10 nanometres, shorter than ultraviolet and longer than gamma rays. They are produced when fast electrons are suddenly stopped by a heavy metal target.

Their real properties. They travel in straight lines at the speed of light; they penetrate matter, the more so the shorter the wavelength and the lower the density of the material; they blacken photographic plates; they ionise gases; they cause fluorescence; and, being waves, they are diffracted by crystals — which is the basis of X-ray crystallography, the technique through which the structure of DNA and of countless proteins was determined.

A note on the distinction from gamma rays. The two overlap in wavelength and differ in origin: X-rays come from transitions of the electrons outside the nucleus or from their deceleration, gamma rays from within the nucleus itself.

Hence, the answer is None of the above.

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