Ombudsman Actions Analysis

The question asks about the possible actions the Ombudsman in Sweden can take. Let's analyze each statement:

• Action 1: Can act against the judiciary. The Swedish Parliamentary Ombudsman (JO) supervises the observance of laws and ordinances applied by courts and other public bodies, including the judiciary. While direct disciplinary action is limited, the JO can investigate and report on judicial misconduct. Thus, this statement is considered correct in the context of oversight.
• Action 2: Can act on individual complaints. A primary role of an Ombudsman is to investigate and address complaints made by individuals against public authorities. This is a core function. Thus, this statement is correct.
• Action 3: Can act against members of Parliament. The Ombudsman's mandate typically covers the executive branch and the administration, not the legislative branch (Parliament) directly. Members of Parliament are generally accountable to the electorate and parliamentary procedures, not the Ombudsman. Thus, this statement is considered incorrect.
• Action 4: Can act suo moto. The Ombudsman has the power to initiate investigations on their own initiative (suo moto) if they become aware of potential wrongdoing, without waiting for a formal complaint. Thus, this statement is correct.

Conclusion on Ombudsman Powers

Based on the analysis, the Ombudsman in Sweden can act against the judiciary (in an oversight capacity), act on individual complaints, and act suo moto. Actions 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

Correct Option Identification

The correct combination is 1, 2, and 4. This corresponds to Option B.