Identifying Body Fluid with MUC4 and HBD1 Markers
The question asks to identify the body fluid for which MUC4 and HBD1 are reliable genetic markers.
MUC4 and HBD1 (Human Beta-Defensin 1) are proteins found in specific body fluids. Their presence and detection can indicate the origin of a biological sample.
Marker Specificity Explained
- MUC4 is a mucin protein predominantly secreted by epithelial cells lining certain organs, including the vagina.
- HBD1 is an antimicrobial peptide found in various bodily secretions, including vaginal fluid.
Studies have shown that the combination of MUC4 and HBD1 detection is highly specific for identifying Vaginal Fluid. These markers are considered reliable forensic indicators because they are consistently found in vaginal secretions and less commonly or abundantly in other body fluids like sweat, urine, or semen.
Therefore, MUC4 and HBD1 are reliable genetic markers of Vaginal Fluid.
Important Questions from Biomolecules
- Which one of the following statements about fertilizers is not correct?
Which one of the following organelles of mammalian cells is rich in hydrolytic enzymes?
A typical adult human body contains about ________ of magnesium.
Match Column - A with Column - B.
Column-A (Vitamin)
Alternative name
i.
Vitamin A
a.
Ascorbic acid
ii.
Vitamin B12
b.
Retinol
iii.
Vitamin C
c.
Cobalamin
iv.
Vitamin D
d.
Ergocalciferol
Capsaicinoids, carotenoids, phenolics, and vitamins are dominant chemicals in which of the following foods?
