Identifying Body Fluid with MUC4 and HBD1 Markers
The question asks to identify the body fluid for which MUC4 and HBD1 are reliable genetic markers.
MUC4 and HBD1 (Human Beta-Defensin 1) are proteins found in specific body fluids. Their presence and detection can indicate the origin of a biological sample.
Marker Specificity Explained
- MUC4 is a mucin protein predominantly secreted by epithelial cells lining certain organs, including the vagina.
- HBD1 is an antimicrobial peptide found in various bodily secretions, including vaginal fluid.
Studies have shown that the combination of MUC4 and HBD1 detection is highly specific for identifying Vaginal Fluid. These markers are considered reliable forensic indicators because they are consistently found in vaginal secretions and less commonly or abundantly in other body fluids like sweat, urine, or semen.
Therefore, MUC4 and HBD1 are reliable genetic markers of Vaginal Fluid.
Important Questions from Biomolecules
The chemical name of Vitamin D 3is:
Which of the following food comes under complex carbohydrate?
I. Potatoes
II. Sweets
III. Pasta
IV. Wheat
Following are the pKa's of the ionizable groups in lysine
pKa 1 = 2.16 (α - carboxylic group)
pKa 2 = 9.06 (α - amino group)
pKa 3 = 10.54 (ε - amino group)
Which one of the following options represents the pl of lysine?
How many hydrogen bonds involving the backbone CO and NH can be observed in an α‐helix consisting of 15 amino acid residues?
In eukaryotic cells, covalently attached lipids help to anchor some water soluble proteins to the plasma membrane. One group of cytosolic proteins are anchored to the cytosolic face of membrane by a fatty acyl group (e.g. myristate or palmitate). These groups are generally covalently attached to which amino acids present at the N‐terminus of the polypeptide chain?
