Match List-I with List-II:List-IList-II(A) Homozygosity(I) Cross breeding(B) Outbreeding(II) Overcomes inbreeding depression(C) Hisardale(III) Cross between different breeds(D) Outcross(IV) Pure lines Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Question

Prepp Team · Accepted Answer

Matching Animal Breeding Terms: Homozygosity, Outbreeding, Hisardale, Outcross

Let's carefully analyze each term in List-I and find its most appropriate match from List-II, based on the principles of animal breeding and genetics.

Analyzing List-I and List-II Terms

(A) Homozygosity

Homozygosity refers to a genetic condition where an individual has two identical alleles for a specific gene. For example, if a gene for coat colour has alleles 'B' (black) and 'b' (white), a homozygous individual would have genotype 'BB' or 'bb'.

Looking at List-II, Pure lines (IV) are developed through continuous breeding of similar individuals, often leading to increased homozygosity over generations. Organisms in pure lines are typically homozygous for most traits. Therefore, Homozygosity is strongly associated with Pure lines.

(B) Outbreeding

Outbreeding is a breeding strategy that involves mating unrelated individuals. This includes mating animals within the same breed but without common ancestors (outcrossing), mating different breeds (cross-breeding), and mating different species (interspecific hybridisation).

Outbreeding is widely used to introduce genetic variation and, importantly, to counter the negative effects of inbreeding, known as inbreeding depression. Overcomes inbreeding depression (II) is a major advantage and direct outcome of using outbreeding techniques.

(C) Hisardale

Hisardale is a specific example of a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab, India. It was created by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Merino rams. This process involves mating two different breeds.

Mating between different breeds is defined as Cross breeding (I). Hisardale is a direct result of cross-breeding.

(D) Outcross

Outcross is a breeding method where individuals of the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree for 4-6 generations, are mated. It is the best breeding method for animals that are below average in productivity.

According to the provided correct answer, Outcross (D) is matched with Cross between different breeds (III). However, it is important to note that 'Cross between different breeds' is the definition of Cross breeding, while Outcross specifically involves mating within the *same* breed but unrelated lines. Accepting the given correct match, Outcross is paired with Cross between different breeds.

Matching the Lists

Based on the analysis and the provided correct answer mapping, we match the items as follows:

(A) Homozygosity $\rightarrow$ (IV) Pure lines
(B) Outbreeding $\rightarrow$ (II) Overcomes inbreeding depression
(C) Hisardale $\rightarrow$ (I) Cross breeding
(D) Outcross $\rightarrow$ (III) Cross between different breeds

Let's present these matches in a table format.

List-I	List-II	Match
(A) Homozygosity	(I) Cross breeding	(A) $\rightarrow$ (IV)
(B) Outbreeding	(II) Overcomes inbreeding depression	(B) $\rightarrow$ (II)
(C) Hisardale	(III) Cross between different breeds	(C) $\rightarrow$ (I)
(D) Outcross	(IV) Pure lines	(D) $\rightarrow$ (III)

Comparing this matching with the given options:

Option 1: (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) - Incorrect match for B and D.
Option 2: (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) - Matches our derived list based on the provided correct answer.
Option 3: (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) - Incorrect matches.
Option 4: (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I) - Incorrect matches for C and D.

Therefore, the correct option is the one reflecting the matches (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III).

Revision Table: Animal Breeding Concepts

Term	Definition/Concept	Relation
Homozygosity	Having two identical alleles for a gene	Associated with Pure Lines
Outbreeding	Mating unrelated individuals	Overcomes inbreeding depression
Hisardale	New sheep breed (Bikaneri x Merino)	Example of Cross breeding
Outcross	Mating unrelated individuals within the same breed	Prevents inbreeding depression in same breed
Pure Lines	Population homozygous for traits	Developed through continuous breeding of similar individuals
Inbreeding Depression	Reduced vigour/fertility due to inbreeding	Countered by Outbreeding
Cross Breeding	Mating individuals of different breeds	A type of Outbreeding

Additional Information on Breeding Methods

Understanding different breeding methods is crucial in animal husbandry for improving livestock productivity and health. Breeding methods are broadly classified into inbreeding and outbreeding.

Inbreeding

Involves mating more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations.
Aims to increase homozygosity and develop pure lines.
Helps in accumulating superior genes and eliminating less desirable ones.
Can lead to inbreeding depression if continued excessively, resulting in reduced fertility, vigour, and productivity.

Outbreeding

Involves mating unrelated individuals.
Different types include:
Outcrossing: Mating individuals within the same breed but with no common ancestors for 4-6 generations. It helps in preventing inbreeding depression and maintaining hybrid vigour.
Cross-breeding: Mating individuals of different breeds. Used to combine desirable traits of two different breeds. Hisardale is an example.
Interspecific hybridisation: Mating individuals of two different species. For example, the mule (cross between male donkey and female horse). Hybrids are often sterile.

Outbreeding generally increases heterozygosity and helps restore vigour and productivity lost due to inbreeding depression.

Prepp Team · Answer

(A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Prepp Team · Answer

(A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

Prepp Team · Answer

(A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

List-I (Crop)	List-II (Variety)
(A) Rice	(I) Pusa Sawani
(B) Wheat	(II) Ratna
(C) Cauliflower	(III) Kalyan Sona
(D) Okra	(IV) Pusa Shubhra