'Hisardale' a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by:
Cross-breeding
Understanding Hisardale Sheep Breeding in Punjab
The 'Hisardale' is a well-known breed of sheep that was developed in Punjab, India. Developing new breeds of animals is a common practice in animal husbandry aimed at combining desirable traits from different existing breeds. This process often involves specific breeding techniques.
Development Method of Hisardale Sheep
The development of the Hisardale sheep breed in Punjab was achieved through the method of cross-breeding. This technique involves mating individuals from two different existing breeds to produce offspring that ideally inherit beneficial characteristics from both parent breeds.
- Specifically, Hisardale was created by crossing Bikaneri ewes (a native Indian breed known for adaptability) with Marino rams (a breed known for its superior wool quality).
- The goal was to combine the hardiness and adaptability of the native breed with the fine wool production of the exotic breed.
- The resulting Hisardale breed is known for both its good survival rate in the local conditions and its improved wool quality.
Comparing Breeding Methods
Let's look at the other options to understand why cross-breeding was the appropriate method for creating Hisardale:
| Breeding Method | Description | Purpose | Applicable to Hisardale? |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-breeding | Mating of closely related individuals (e.g., brother-sister, parent-offspring). | Used to develop pure lines or fix desirable traits within a breed, but can expose harmful recessive genes (inbreeding depression). | No, this method is used within a single breed, not to create a new one by combining two different breeds. |
| Out-crossing | Mating of unrelated individuals within the same breed. | Used to avoid inbreeding depression or introduce new traits from unrelated individuals within the existing breed population. | No, this is done within a single breed, not by mating two different breeds. |
| Cross-breeding | Mating individuals from two different breeds. | Used to combine desirable traits from different breeds, create hybrid vigour (heterosis), or develop new synthetic breeds. | Yes, this is the method used to combine traits from Bikaneri and Marino sheep to create Hisardale. |
| Out-breeding | A general term for mating unrelated individuals. Includes out-crossing, cross-breeding, and interspecific hybridization. | To introduce genetic variation, avoid inbreeding depression, or combine traits. | Cross-breeding is a type of out-breeding, but the specific method employed for Hisardale is cross-breeding, which is a more precise description. |
Based on the definitions and purposes of these breeding methods, cross-breeding is the specific technique used to create the Hisardale sheep breed by mating individuals from two distinct breeds (Bikaneri and Marino).
Revision Table: Animal Breeding Techniques
| Technique | Involves | Key Outcome/Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-breeding | Mating relatives | Pure lines, trait fixation | Developing highly uniform strains |
| Out-crossing | Mating unrelated individuals within same breed | Avoid inbreeding, introduce variation | Bringing in a new bloodline to an existing herd |
| Cross-breeding | Mating different breeds | Combine traits, hybrid vigour, new breeds | Hisardale sheep (Bikaneri x Marino), Mule (Donkey x Horse) |
| Interspecific Hybridization | Mating different species | Hybrids with unique traits (often sterile) | Mule (Donkey x Horse) |
Additional Information on Breed Development
Developing new animal breeds like Hisardale is part of animal improvement programs. These programs often involve:
- Identifying desirable traits (e.g., wool quality, meat yield, disease resistance, adaptability).
- Selecting parent animals that possess these traits, often from different breeds.
- Applying appropriate breeding techniques, such as cross-breeding, to combine the desired genetics.
- Rigorous selection and breeding over several generations to stabilize the desired characteristics in the new population.
- Recording performance data to evaluate the success of the breeding program.
The creation of Hisardale in Punjab is a successful example of using cross-breeding to enhance livestock productivity by combining the strengths of different breeds suitable for the local environment.
Important Questions from Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Arrange the steps of traditional plant breeding in sequence:
- (A) Evaluation of hybrids
- (B) Emasculation of selected parents
- (C) Screening of germplasm
- (D) Hybridization of selected parents
- (E) Release of hybrid variety
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The cotyledon in the seed of the grass family is called:
Match List-I with List-II:
List-I (Crop) List-II (Variety) (A) Rice (I) Pusa Sawani (B) Wheat (II) Ratna (C) Cauliflower (III) Kalyan Sona (D) Okra (IV) Pusa Shubhra Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The yellow mosaic virus-resistant variety Parbhani Kranti is the new variety of:
Match List-I with List-II:
List-I List-II (A) Homozygosity (I) Cross breeding (B) Outbreeding (II) Overcomes inbreeding depression (C) Hisardale (III) Cross between different breeds (D) Outcross (IV) Pure lines Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
