Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes : Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)List I List II (a) Freedom (1) An essential pre-condition for harmony and social stability (b) Toleration (2) Property of will (c) Positive liberty (3) Minimal state (d) Negative liberty (4) Being one’s own master
(2) (1) (4) (3)
Each concept of List I is linked with the idea that best expresses it in the liberal and idealist tradition:
| List I | List II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (a) Freedom | (2) Property of will | Hegel held that freedom is the essential property of will, just as weight is of matter; will without freedom is an empty word. |
| (b) Toleration | (1) An essential pre-condition for harmony and social stability | From Locke's Letter Concerning Toleration onwards, toleration of differing beliefs is seen as the condition for peaceful coexistence in a plural society. |
| (c) Positive liberty | (4) Being one's own master | Isaiah Berlin (Two Concepts of Liberty, 1958) described positive liberty as the wish to be one's own master, i.e. self-direction. |
| (d) Negative liberty | (3) Minimal state | Negative liberty is absence of external interference, which classical liberals and libertarians secure through a minimal state. |
Hence, the answer is (a)-(2), (b)-(1), (c)-(4), (d)-(3).
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