Matching Concepts with Theorists
This question requires matching key concepts from List I with the social scientists or theorists from List II who are primarily associated with them.
List I - List II Matching
- a. Positive feedback: This concept, crucial in systems theory and cybernetics, analyzes how outputs influence future inputs. It is strongly linked to the work of Karl Deutsch (ii), who applied these ideas to political science and communication.
- b. The development of underdevelopment: This phrase is the title of a seminal work by Andre Gunder Frank (iv), a prominent figure in dependency theory, explaining how global capitalism creates underdevelopment in peripheral nations.
- c. Modernising Oligarchy: This concept relates to the elite structures involved in the process of modernization. Edward Shils (i) extensively studied modernization, tradition, and the role of intellectuals and elites.
- d. Nation – an organised human mass: This description touches upon the sociological understanding of a nation as a collective entity. Ortega y Gasset (iii) explored the concept of the masses and their role in modern society, relevant to the organization of a nation.
Final Answer Derivation
Based on the established associations:
- a matches with ii (Karl Deutsch)
- b matches with iv (Andre Gunder Frank)
- c matches with i (Edward Shils)
- d matches with iii (Ortega Gasset)
Therefore, the correct match is a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii.