Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List – I (Aristotle's theory of causation) List – II (Explanations) a. The efficient cause i. The substance and essence of the thing. b. The final cause ii. Matter of which it is composed. c. The material cause iii. The purpose towards which the movement is directed. d. The formal cause iv. The cause of motion.
a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
Matching Aristotle's Four Causes
Aristotle's theory of causation identifies four distinct causes necessary to understand a thing fully. Matching these causes to their correct explanations is key.
Aristotle's Four Causes Explained
- Efficient Cause: The agent or force that brings something into existence or causes change. It answers the question "What made it?"
- Final Cause (Telos): The purpose, end, or goal for which something exists or is done. It answers "What is it for?"
- Material Cause: The matter or substance out of which something is made. It answers "What is it made of?"
- Formal Cause: The form, structure, essence, or pattern of a thing. It answers "What is it?" in terms of its definition or essence.
Matching List-I with List-II
Based on the definitions:
- (a) The efficient cause relates to the agent responsible for motion or change, hence, 'The cause of motion'.
- (b) The final cause is about the purpose or end goal, thus, 'The purpose towards which the movement is directed'.
- (c) The material cause refers to the underlying substance, making it 'Matter of which it is composed'.
- (d) The formal cause defines the essence or structure, which is 'The substance and essence of the thing'.
Therefore, the correct matching is:
| a. Efficient cause | iv. The cause of motion |
| b. Final cause | iii. The purpose towards which the movement is directed |
| c. Material cause | ii. Matter of which it is composed |
| d. Formal cause | i. The substance and essence of the thing |
This corresponds to the option a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.
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