Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List I (Urine exam) List II (Disease) A. Red cell casts 1. Nephrotic syndrome B. Microscopic haematuria 2. Chronic renal failure C. Proteinuria 3. Polycystic kidney disease D. Broad cell casts 4. Glomerulonephritis
A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
Urine Exam Match Explanation
This question requires matching specific urine examination findings (List I) with associated diseases (List II).
List I and List II Matching
- A. Red cell casts: These casts are formed in the renal tubules when red blood cells aggregate. Their presence strongly indicates glomerular inflammation, characteristic of 4. Glomerulonephritis.
- B. Microscopic haematuria: This refers to blood in the urine, detectable only microscopically. In 3. Polycystic kidney disease, haematuria often occurs due to bleeding from renal cysts.
- C. Proteinuria: The presence of excessive protein in the urine is a key indicator. 1. Nephrotic syndrome is defined by significant proteinuria (typically > 3.5 g/day).
- D. Broad cell casts: Often referred to as waxy casts, these are typically found in conditions with severe tubular damage and slow urine flow, such as 2. Chronic renal failure.
Correct Code Selection
Based on the matching:
- A matches with 4
- B matches with 3
- C matches with 1
- D matches with 2
Therefore, the correct code is A/4 B/3 C/1 D/2.
Important Questions from Nephrotic Syndrome
A 40-year-old female with nephritic range proteinuria is found to have low serum complement levels. Which of the following can be the likely etiology?
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus
2. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
3. Infective endocarditis
4. Mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- All of the following conditions are associated with Glomerulonephritis with low complement level, EXCEPT:
- Which of the following are the indications of Renal biopsy?
1. Chronic Kidney disease with normal sized kidney
2. Nephrotic syndrome in adults
3. Nephrotic syndrome in children with atypical features
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - Presence of Dysmorphic Erythrocytes in urine analysis is suggestive of:
- Of all the types of lupus nephritis, the worst outcome is seen in:
