Match List – I (Psychological approach) with List – II (Main focus) and select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes : P Q R SList – I List – II (Psychological approach) (Main focus) P. Western psychology 1. Culture-bound concepts Q. Indian psychology 2. Integration of consciousness R. Indigenous psychology 3. Neutral theoretical approach S. Positivist science model 4. Empirical observations
4 2 1 3
The item contrasts four ways of doing psychology and asks for the central concern of each.
P. Western psychology – modern Western (Euro-American) psychology grew as a laboratory-based discipline that builds knowledge from measurable, observable behaviour and data. Its main focus is empirical observations, so P → 4.
Q. Indian psychology – rooted in the Upanishads, Yoga, Vedanta and Buddhist thought, it treats consciousness as primary and aims at the integration of consciousness and the transformation of the self (for example Sri Aurobindo’s integral psychology). So Q → 2.
R. Indigenous psychology – developed by scholars such as Kim, Berry and Sinha, it studies people within their own cultural context, using locally meaningful, culture-bound concepts (for example amae in Japan or the guru–chela relation in India). So R → 1.
S. Positivist science model – positivism claims that science should be objective and value-free, so it adopts a neutral theoretical approach that assumes theories are culture-free and universally applicable. So S → 3.
The matching is P – 4, Q – 2, R – 1, S – 3, which is the code 4 2 1 3.
Hence, the answer is 4 2 1 3.
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