A Mallory-Weiss tear is a longitudinal tear in the mucous membrane lining the oesophagus, usually occurring near the point where the oesophagus joins the stomach.
Cause: These tears are most frequently caused by conditions that increase pressure within the abdomen, such as forceful or prolonged vomiting.
Specific Location: The tear occurs at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach. This specific anatomical area is called the gastroesophageal junction.
Clinical Presentation: Bleeding from a Mallory-Weiss tear often presents as haematemesis (vomiting blood). The characteristic location is key to diagnosis.
Based on the definition and common causes, Mallory-Weiss tears leading to haematemesis are found at the Gastroesophageal junction.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding Barrett's oesophagus?
1. It is a metaplastic change.
2. It is a risk factor for development of adenocarcinoma.
3. Ingestion of NSAIDs is the aetiological factor for its development.
4. Endoscopic mucosal resection is an effective treatment.
Select the answer using the code given below.
An air fluid level with dilated oesophagus and "bird beak" appearance in a barium swallow is diagnostic of: