List I mentions various methods of research while List II offers their description. Match List I with List II List I List II A. Experiment method I. A detailed description of the way people believe and act in a particular society B. Ex-post facto method II. Studies designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena C. Descriptive survey method III. Studying the effect of manipulating independent variable on the dependent variable under appropriate control imposed. D. Ethnographic method IV. Conducting a probe into causal factors on the basis of evidence manifest now Choose thecorrectanswer from the options given below:
A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II
Matching Research Methods with Descriptions
Understanding different research methods is crucial for designing effective studies. This question requires us to match various research methodologies listed in List I with their appropriate descriptions provided in List II.
Let's analyze each research method and its corresponding description as given in the correct answer option.
| List I (Research Method) | List II (Description) | Match as per Correct Answer |
|---|---|---|
| A. Experiment method | I. A detailed description of the way people believe and act in a particular society | A - III |
| B. Ex-post facto method | II. Studies designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena | B - IV |
| C. Descriptive survey method | III. Studying the effect of manipulating independent variable on the dependent variable under appropriate control imposed. | C - I |
| D. Ethnographic method | IV. Conducting a probe into causal factors on the basis of evidence manifest now | D - II |
Analyzing the Matches:
A. Experiment Method matched with III. Studying the effect of manipulating independent variable on the dependent variable under appropriate control imposed.
The experiment method is characterized by the manipulation of one or more independent variables to observe their effect on a dependent variable. This is done under controlled conditions to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. Description III accurately captures this core feature of the experimental method, involving manipulation and control to study effects.
B. Ex-post Facto Method matched with IV. Conducting a probe into causal factors on the basis of evidence manifest now.
The ex-post facto method, also known as causal-comparative research, investigates possible cause-and-effect relationships by observing an existing consequence and searching back through available data for plausible causal factors. It is used when manipulation of the independent variable is not possible or ethical. Description IV aligns with this method as it involves probing into causal factors based on effects or evidence that are already present ("manifest now").
C. Descriptive Survey Method matched with I. A detailed description of the way people believe and act in a particular society.
A descriptive survey method aims to describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon as they currently exist. While description II ("Studies designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena") is a very common definition for descriptive surveys, the provided match links it with description I ("A detailed description of the way people believe and act in a particular society"). A descriptive survey can indeed aim to describe the beliefs and actions within a specific group or society, thus aligning with description I in the context of this question.
D. Ethnographic Method matched with II. Studies designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena.
Ethnographic research is primarily focused on providing a detailed and in-depth description of a culture, group, or society, often involving immersive fieldwork to understand the beliefs, behaviors, and perspectives of the people within that context. Description I ("A detailed description of the way people believe and act in a particular society") is a classic description of ethnography. However, the provided match links it with description II ("Studies designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena"). Ethnography does study the current state (status) of a cultural group or phenomenon, which can be seen as aligning with description II in the context of this question's matching.
Based on the matching provided in the correct answer:
- A matches with III
- B matches with IV
- C matches with I
- D matches with II
This corresponds to the option A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II.
Revision Table: Research Methods Matching
| Research Method | Key Characteristic | Matched Description (as per answer) |
|---|---|---|
| Experiment method | Manipulating variables, control, cause-effect | Studying effect of manipulating independent variable on dependent variable under control (III) |
| Ex-post facto method | Studying past causes of present effects | Probing causal factors based on evidence manifest now (IV) |
| Descriptive survey method | Describing current characteristics/status | Detailed description of beliefs and actions in a society (I) |
| Ethnographic method | Detailed study of culture/society, beliefs, actions | Studies obtaining information concerning the current status of phenomena (II) |
Additional Information on Research Methods
Understanding the nuances between different research methods is key for research design. Here's a bit more context:
- Experiment Method: Considered the gold standard for establishing causality due to controlled manipulation. It requires researchers to actively change something (independent variable) and measure the result (dependent variable).
- Ex-post Facto Method: Often used in social sciences or when experimental control is not possible (e.g., studying the effects of a natural disaster). Researchers look back at events after they have occurred to find possible relationships. Cause cannot be as definitively established as in an experiment due to lack of control and manipulation.
- Descriptive Survey Method: Focuses on describing 'what is'. This can involve collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, or observations to describe the characteristics of a population, frequency of occurrences, attitudes, etc. It does not typically look for cause-and-effect relationships.
- Ethnographic Method: A qualitative research method originating from anthropology. It involves immersing oneself in a particular setting or community to observe and describe their way of life, interactions, and cultural meanings from the perspective of the participants. It aims for a holistic understanding of a culture or social group.
Each method serves a different purpose in research and is suited for answering different types of research questions.
Important Questions from Types of Research - Teaching
Match List I with List II :
List I
Methods of research
List II
Features emphasized
(A)
Experimental
(I)
Primary and secondary sources tapped with emphasis on internal criticism
(B)
ExPost Facto
(II)
Status of facts and conditions are ascertained
(C)
Descriptive
(III)
A variable is manipulated to see its effect on other variable
(D)
Historical
(IV)
The differences are noted and facts causal or otherwise are determined
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List I with List II
List I
List II
Research Types
Goal of Research
(A) Fundamental Research
(I) Appraising impact of interventions
(B) Applied Research
(II) Amelioration of a given situation
(C) Action of Research
(III) Exploring applicability of already established principles
(D) Evaluative Research
(IV) Advancing the corpus of knowledge in a field
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II
List I
List II
A.
Ex post facto Research
I.
Finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation
B.
Applied Research
II.
Related to some abstract idea(s) or theory
C.
Conceptual Research
III.
Development of hypotheses rather than their testing
D.
Exploratory Research
IV.
No control over variables, reports only what has happened or what is happening
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Hypothesis testing which results into either affirmation or disaffirmation is the explicit concern in which methods of research?
(A) Descriptive method
(B) Experimental method
(C) Ex Post Facto method
(D) Historical method
(E) Exegetical method
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
When the independent variable is explored rather than manipulated, to observe the effect on dependent variable, the method of research is called.
