L.H. Morgan's Cultural Evolution Scheme

Lewis Henry Morgan, a key figure in anthropology, proposed a theory of cultural evolution. He outlined distinct stages: Savagery, Barbarism, and Civilization. Morgan identified specific societal aspects, termed 'lines of development', that characterized progress through these stages.

Key Elements in Morgan's Theory

Morgan's evolutionary scheme focused on tracking cultural progress through developments in several key areas. These typically included:

• Social Organization (Kinship, Family)
• Government (Political Structure)
• Economy (Subsistence, Property)
• Technology (Tools)
• Language
• Beliefs (Religion)

Analyzing the Options

The question asks which element was *not* included in Morgan's evolutionary scheme. Let's examine the options:

• Government: Morgan extensively analyzed the evolution of political organization as a marker of progress.
• Property: Concepts of property ownership and their evolution were central to Morgan's analysis of economic and social stages.
• Language: Morgan recognized language as a fundamental aspect of human society and cultural development.
• Art: While art is a component of culture, it was not explicitly identified as one of the primary 'lines of development' Morgan used to define his stages of cultural evolution compared to government, property, or language.

Conclusion

Based on Morgan's framework in works like "Ancient Society", government, property, and language were integral components used to delineate the stages of cultural evolution. Art, however, was not highlighted as a core element in this specific evolutionary scheme.