Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis), a parasitic disease targeted for elimination in India, is caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted to humans by the bite of :
Sandfly
Kala-azar is transmitted by the bite of the female sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus, chiefly Phlebotomus argentipes in India. The fly picks up the parasite while feeding on an infected person and passes the infective stage on at its next blood meal.
The sandfly breeds in damp cracks of mud walls, cattle sheds and organic debris, which is why the elimination programme relies on indoor residual spraying of such dwellings in Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and eastern Uttar Pradesh.
The other vectors carry different diseases: Culex mosquitoes transmit lymphatic filariasis and Japanese encephalitis, Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria, and the tsetse fly transmits African trypanosomiasis, which does not occur in India.
Hence, the answer is the sandfly.
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