Indications of TURP for Benign Hyperplasia Prostate (BHP) include
1. Urinary flow rate of less than 10cc/second
2. Residual volume of urine $>100$cc
3. Serum level of prostatic specific antigen $>10$nmol/L
4. Trabeculated Urinary bladder
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
TURP Indications for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BHP)
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a common procedure to treat urinary symptoms caused by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BHP). The decision to perform TURP depends on the severity of symptoms and their impact on the patient's quality of life and bladder function.
Analysis of Indications
- 1. Urinary flow rate of less than 10cc/second: A low urinary flow rate directly indicates significant obstruction of the urethra due to prostate enlargement. This is a primary symptom-based indication for TURP. The expression for this is $ \text{Flow rate} < 10 \text{ cc/second} $.
- 2. Residual volume of urine $>100$cc: A large amount of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding (high post-void residual volume) signifies incomplete bladder emptying. This is a significant finding suggesting the need for intervention like TURP to alleviate the obstruction. The expression for this is $ \text{Residual Volume} > 100 \text{ cc} $.
- 3. Serum level of prostatic specific antigen $>10$nmol/L: Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels can be associated with prostate issues, including BHP, but significantly high levels (especially $ > 10 \text{ nmol/L} $) are more commonly investigated for prostate cancer rather than being a direct indication for TURP specifically for BHP. While PSA might be monitored, it's not a primary surgical indication criteria for BHP itself.
- 4. Trabeculated Urinary bladder: Trabeculation refers to the thickening and ridging of the bladder wall, caused by chronic straining against bladder outlet obstruction. This indicates long-term, significant obstruction, often from BHP, and suggests the bladder may be suffering damage, making TURP an appropriate treatment.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, a reduced urinary flow rate (1), significant residual urine volume (2), and evidence of bladder damage like trabeculation (4) are established indications for considering TURP in patients with symptomatic BHP. Elevated PSA levels (3) typically warrant further investigation for other conditions.
Correct Option Selection
Therefore, the correct indications are 1, 2, and 4. Selecting the option that includes these numbers:
- Option 3 combines indications 1, 2, and 4.
Important Questions from Urinary System & Surgical Disorders
Which of the following statements are correct regarding renal cell carcinoma?
1. It arises from the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.
2. It has a female preponderance.
3. Major subtypes are clear cell, papillary and chromophobe.
4. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for disease. organ-confined
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Which of the following are features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
1. Cyst may also occur in liver, pancreas and arachnoid membrane.
2. Most commonly manifests between 20-30 years of age.
3. Clinical manifestations are renal and extrarenal.
4. Men tend to progress to renal failure more rapidly than women.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Extracorporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is most commonly used for the treatment of
Which of the following are correct regarding pathology of stress urinary incontinence?
1. Hypermobility of urethra
2. Ascend of bladder neck and proximal urethra above diaphragm
3. Lowered urethral pressure
4. Increased detrusor activity
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Which of the following are correct about ectopic ureters ?
1. They are more common in males
2. They drain the upper pole of kidney
3. They are associated with duplex ureter
4. They may cause incontinence
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