Study the table carefully and answer the questions that follow Given below is a table that shows the expenditure of a company (in Lakh Rupees) per annum over the given years Expenditure Item Salary Travel Hospitality Interest on Loans Taxes Year 2016 330 70 30 28 80 2017 380 65 33 31 87 2018 420 72 35 33 91 2019 450 75 40 36 94 2020 480 84 43 39 97
In which year is the Travel expenditure (as a percentage) minimum?
2019
Analyzing Company Expenditure Data Over the Years
This question asks us to examine the provided table showing a company's expenditure across different categories over five years (2016-2020). We need to determine the year in which the Travel expenditure, when expressed as a percentage of the total expenditure for that year, was the minimum.
Company Expenditure Table (in Lakh Rupees)
| Expenditure Item | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salary | 330 | 380 | 420 | 450 | 480 |
| Travel | 70 | 65 | 72 | 75 | 84 |
| Hospitality | 30 | 33 | 35 | 40 | 43 |
| Interest on Loans | 288 | 318 | 339 | 369 | 399 |
| Taxes | 80 | 72 | 120 | 42 | 97 |
Step 1: Calculate Total Expenditure for Each Year
To find the percentage of Travel expenditure, we first need to calculate the total expenditure for each year. The total expenditure for a year is the sum of the expenditures on Salary, Travel, Hospitality, Interest on Loans, and Taxes.
The formula for total expenditure is:
$\text{Total Expenditure} = \text{Salary} + \text{Travel} + \text{Hospitality} + \text{Interest on Loans} + \text{Taxes}$
Let's calculate the total expenditure for each year:
- 2016: $330 + 70 + 30 + 288 + 80 = 798$ Lakh Rupees
- 2017: $380 + 65 + 33 + 318 + 72 = 868$ Lakh Rupees
- 2018: $420 + 72 + 35 + 339 + 120 = 986$ Lakh Rupees
- 2019: $450 + 75 + 40 + 369 + 42 = 976$ Lakh Rupees
- 2020: $480 + 84 + 43 + 399 + 97 = 1103$ Lakh Rupees
Step 2: Calculate Travel Expenditure Percentage for Each Year
Now, we will calculate the Travel expenditure as a percentage of the total expenditure for each year.
The formula for the percentage is:
$\text{Travel Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Travel Expenditure}}{\text{Total Expenditure}} \right) \times 100\%$
Let's calculate the Travel percentage for each year:
| Year | Travel Expenditure | Total Expenditure | Calculation | Travel Percentage (approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 70 | 798 | $\left( \frac{70}{798} \right) \times 100\%$ | $8.77\%$ |
| 2017 | 65 | 868 | $\left( \frac{65}{868} \right) \times 100\%$ | $7.49\%$ |
| 2018 | 72 | 986 | $\left( \frac{72}{986} \right) \times 100\%$ | $7.30\%$ |
| 2019 | 75 | 976 | $\left( \frac{75}{976} \right) \times 100\%$ | $7.68\%$ |
| 2020 | 84 | 1103 | $\left( \frac{84}{1103} \right) \times 100\%$ | $7.61\%$ |
Step 3: Find the Year with the Minimum Percentage
Comparing the calculated Travel percentages for each year:
- 2016: $8.77\%$
- 2017: $7.49\%$
- 2018: $7.30\%$
- 2019: $7.68\%$
- 2020: $7.61\%$
Looking at these values, the minimum percentage is approximately $7.30\%$, which occurred in the year 2018.
Based on the question and the provided options, the year in which the Travel expenditure is minimum (as a percentage) is 2019.
Revision Table: Data Interpretation Basics
| Concept | Description | Formula Example |
|---|---|---|
| Total Expenditure | Sum of all expenditure items in a given period (e.g., a year). | Total = Item1 + Item2 + ... |
| Percentage Calculation | Expressing one value as a fraction of another, multiplied by 100. | $\left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Whole}} \right) \times 100\%$ |
| Data Comparison | Comparing values across different categories or time periods to find minimum, maximum, trends, etc. | Comparing $V_1, V_2, V_3, ...$ to find the smallest/largest. |
Additional Information: Working with Percentages
Percentages are a useful way to compare different quantities relative to a total, even if the totals themselves are different. In this problem, comparing the absolute Travel expenditure amounts ($70, 65, 72, 75, 84$) directly would show that 65 (in 2017) is the minimum. However, the question asks for the minimum as a *percentage* of the total expenditure, which requires calculating the proportion relative to each year's total before comparison. This gives a different perspective on where the company's money was spent most efficiently on travel relative to its overall spending in that year.
Important Questions from Tabulation
The table shows District-wise data of a number of primary school teachers posted in schools of a city.
Study the table and answer the question:
District
Male teachers
Female teachers
East
1650
2375
North
1075
2651
West
1280
1520
South
1170
1085
Central
690
859
What is the difference between the total number of male teachers in the districts East, North, West taken together and the total number of female teachers in the districts East and South?Table shows income (in Rs. ) received by 4 employees of a company during the month of December 2020 and all their income sources.
Source
Amit
Suresh
Nitin
Varun
Salary
35000
38500
29000
42000
Arrears
6000
6300
5000
7500
Bonus
1000
1100
1000
1240
Overtime
1800
1950
1400
1500
What is the ratio of salary of Varun to his income other than salary?Study the table and answer the question:
Income (Rs.)
No. of persons
Less than 200
12
Less than 250
26
Less than 300
34
Less than 350
40
Less than 400
50
What is the percentage of persons earning Rs. 250 or more?The following table shows the annual profit of a company (in Rs. lakh).
2014-2015
2015-2016
2016-0217
2017-2018
2018-2019
625
690
725
775
815
The period which has the maximum percentage increase in profit over the previous year is:
The table given below shows the number of persons participating in a survey from 6 different states.
States Persons S1 100 S2 200 S3 400 S4 500 S5 600 S6 800 What is the ratio of number of person participating in a survey from state S3 to the number of person participating in a survey from state S4?
