In which atmospheric condition is the environmental lapse rate less than the moist adiabatic lapse rate ?
Absolutely stable
The environmental lapse rate (ELR) is the actual fall of temperature with height in the surrounding air. A rising parcel cools at the dry adiabatic lapse rate (about 9.8 °C/km) if unsaturated, or at the moist adiabatic lapse rate (about 4–7 °C/km) if saturated.
Since the moist rate is always smaller than the dry rate, an ELR smaller than the moist rate is also smaller than the dry rate.
Any lifted parcel, dry or saturated, then cools faster than its surroundings, becomes colder and denser, and sinks back. So the air is stable for every parcel, i.e. absolutely stable.
If the ELR exceeds the dry rate, the air is absolutely unstable; if the ELR lies between the moist and dry rates, the air is conditionally unstable (stable for dry air, unstable for saturated air).
Hence, Absolutely stable.
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