In this question three statements are given followed by three conclusions I, II and III. You have to consider the three statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements. Statements: All birds are kites. Some kites are imported. No imported thing is red. Conclusions: (I) No kite is red. (II) Some birds are red. (III) Some kites are red.
None of the conclusions follow.
Analyzing Statements and Conclusions
This question asks us to analyze three statements and determine which of the given conclusions logically follow from them. We must assume the statements are true, even if they conflict with general knowledge.
Understanding the Statements
Let's break down the provided statements:
- Statement 1: All birds are kites. This establishes a relationship where the set of birds is a subset of the set of kites. If something is a bird, it must also be a kite.
- Statement 2: Some kites are imported. This indicates an overlap between the set of kites and the set of imported things. There is at least one kite that is imported.
- Statement 3: No imported thing is red. This establishes that the set of imported things and the set of red things have no overlap. If something is imported, it cannot be red.
Analyzing the Conclusions
Now, let's evaluate each conclusion based on the truth of the statements.
Conclusion I: No kite is red.
From Statement 2, we know some kites are imported. From Statement 3, we know no imported thing is red. Therefore, the kites that are imported cannot be red. However, Statement 2 only says "some" kites are imported, not "all". There could be kites that are *not* imported. The statements give us no information about whether these non-imported kites can be red or not. Since we cannot definitively say that *all* kites are not red, this conclusion does not necessarily follow.
Conclusion II: Some birds are red.
From Statement 1, we know all birds are kites. So, if some birds are red, they would also be red kites. From Statement 3, we know no imported thing is red. This means if a bird is red, it cannot be imported. So, for "Some birds are red" to be true, there must be at least one bird that is red, and that red bird must be a kite (which is true by Statement 1) and also must be a non-imported kite. Do the statements guarantee the existence of such a bird? No. While it's possible that some non-imported kites (which could include birds) are red, the statements do not force this to be true. Therefore, this conclusion does not necessarily follow.
Conclusion III: Some kites are red.
From Statement 2, some kites are imported. From Statement 3, no imported thing is red. This tells us that the portion of kites that is imported is definitely not red. The statements do not provide any information about the portion of kites that is *not* imported. These non-imported kites could potentially be red, or they could be non-red. Since the statements do not guarantee that there is an overlap between the set of kites and the set of red things, this conclusion does not necessarily follow.
Summary of Conclusions
Based on our analysis:
- Conclusion I (No kite is red) does not necessarily follow.
- Conclusion II (Some birds are red) does not necessarily follow.
- Conclusion III (Some kites are red) does not necessarily follow.
Since none of the given conclusions logically follow from the statements, the correct answer is that none of the conclusions follow.
Important Questions from Syllogism
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All dancers are talented.
Some girls are dancers.
Conclusions:
I. Some girls are talented.
II. All talented are girls.
III. All girls are talented.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All directors are actors.
No actor is a producer.
All choreographers are directors.
Conclusions:
I. No choreographer is producer.
II. Some actors are choreographers.
III. No director is a producer.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the statements.
Statements:
All lemons are plums.
All plums are dates.
Some dates are mangoes.
Conclusions:
I. Some lemons are mangoes.
II. Some mangoes are plums.
III. All lemons are dates.
IV. Some mangoes are dates.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
Some cards are postcards.
Some cards are envelopes.
All envelopes are copies.
Conclusions:
I. Some copies are envelopes.
II. Some postcards are copies.
III. Some cards are copies.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All employees are tax-payers.
Some employees are farmers.
Some farmers are doctors.
Conclusions:
I. No farmer is a tax-payer.
II. Some farmers are tax-payers.
