In the Wason selection task for propositional reasoning, ‘participants develop a general idea of the rule, then construct examples that follow the rule’ is referred to as :
Confirmation bias
Peter Wason studied reasoning with the 2-4-6 rule-discovery task and the four-card selection task. Participants typically form a hypothesis about the rule and then generate or select only instances that would agree with it (e.g. turning the vowel card and the even-number card), rather than instances that could falsify it.
This tendency to seek, construct and interpret evidence that supports one's existing idea while neglecting disconfirming evidence is called confirmation bias. Logically, testing a conditional rule requires seeking the falsifying case (P and not-Q), which most participants fail to do.
Representativeness is a heuristic of Kahneman and Tversky for judging probability by similarity to a prototype; 'construction bias' is not a standard term in this research; mental fixation (functional fixedness/set) concerns problem solving with objects, not hypothesis testing.
Hence, the answer is Confirmation bias.
Similar Questions
Match List I and List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List I List II (a) ~ (p ∨ ~ p) (1) Identity (b) ~ (p • ~ p) (2) Contingency (c) ~ (p ⊃ q) (3) Tautology (d) p ⊃ p (4) Contradiction Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Which of the following is not the characteristics of an effective decision procedure ?
Correct formulation of the Rule U.I. (Universal Instantiation) is ........... .
Law of contradiction states that :
Characteristics of an Axiomatic systems are ................. .
(1) Consistency
(2) Completeness
(3) Independence
(4) Contingent
Correct symbolization of the following proposition is — “All successful politicians and orators are hard-working”.
“Sudhir had not locked the gates yesterday. Either the watchman or Sudhir locks the gates. Therefore, the watchman must have locked the gates yesterday”. This argument is ..................... .
If the statement ‘p’ is true and the statement ‘q’ is false, the truth value of the statements ‘p ≡ ~ q’ and ‘~ q ⊃ ~ p’ are :
In the ranking of a competitive examination Vishal was above Vijay but below Shyam. Mohan was above Shyam but below Rohan. Vijay was between Vishal and Ashok. Who is third from the top ?
Ragini facing East walks 10 meter, then she turns to her left and walks 12 meter. Then she turns to her right in $45^o$ and walks 15 meter. Then, how much distance she has walked from the starting point and which direction is she facing now ?
Important Questions from Deductive - Teaching
Match List I and List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List I List II (a) ~ (p ∨ ~ p) (1) Identity (b) ~ (p • ~ p) (2) Contingency (c) ~ (p ⊃ q) (3) Tautology (d) p ⊃ p (4) Contradiction Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Which of the following is not the characteristics of an effective decision procedure ?
Correct formulation of the Rule U.I. (Universal Instantiation) is ........... .
Law of contradiction states that :
Characteristics of an Axiomatic systems are ................. .
(1) Consistency
(2) Completeness
(3) Independence
(4) Contingent
