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Question

In the question given, relations between different elements are shown in the statements. These statements are followed by two conclusions. Find out which of the given conclusions follow(s) the given statements and select the correct alternative from the given choices.

Statement:

L ≥ M = N < O, P < Q ≥ R = S ≥ L

Conclusion:

I. Q > M

II. N = Q

The correct answer is

Either I or II is true

This question asks us to determine which of the given conclusions logically follows from the provided statements involving inequalities and equalities between different elements.

Understanding the Statements and Combining Relations

We are given two separate statements:

  1. $\text{L} \ge \text{M} = \text{N} < \text{O}$
  2. $\text{P} < \text{Q} \ge \text{R} = \text{S} \ge \text{L}$

To evaluate the conclusions, we need to combine these statements into a single chain of relationships. The common element linking the two statements is $\text{L}$.

  • From Statement 1, we have $\text{N} = \text{M} \le \text{L}$.
  • From Statement 2, we have $\text{L} \le \text{S} = \text{R} \le \text{Q}$.

We can connect these through $\text{L}$ to form a combined relation chain:

$\text{N} = \text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} = \text{R} \le \text{Q}$

Analyzing the Conclusions from the Combined Relation

Now, let's analyze each conclusion based on the combined chain $\text{N} = \text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} = \text{R} \le \text{Q}$.

Analyzing Conclusion I: $\text{Q} > \text{M}$

We need to find the relationship between $\text{Q}$ and $\text{M}$ in the combined chain. The path from $\text{M}$ to $\text{Q}$ is:

$\text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} \le \text{Q}$

Looking at the symbols between $\text{M}$ and $\text{Q}$ ($\le, \le, \le$), we can definitely conclude that $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$.

For $\text{Q} > \text{M}$ (or $\text{M} < \text{Q}$) to be definitely true, there must be at least one strict inequality ($\text{<}$ or $\text{>}$) between $\text{M}$ and $\text{Q}$ in the chain. However, all symbols in the path $\text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} \le \text{Q}$ are '≤'.

This means $\text{M}$ can be less than $\text{Q}$ ($\text{M} < \text{Q}$) or $\text{M}$ can be equal to $\text{Q}$ ($\text{M} = \text{Q}$). Both are possible according to $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$.

Therefore, Conclusion I ($\text{Q} > \text{M}$) is not definitely true.

Analyzing Conclusion II: $\text{N} = \text{Q}$

We need to find the relationship between $\text{N}$ and $\text{Q}$ in the combined chain:

$\text{N} = \text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} \le \text{Q}$

The path from $\text{N}$ to $\text{Q}$ is $\text{N} = \text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} \le \text{Q}$.

Looking at the symbols between $\text{N}$ and $\text{Q}$ ($=, \le, \le, \le$), we can definitely conclude that $\text{N} \le \text{Q}$. This is because $\text{N}=\text{M}$ and $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$ (as derived in Conclusion I analysis).

For $\text{N} = \text{Q}$ to be definitely true, all the relationship symbols between $\text{N}$ and $\text{Q}$ must be '='. In the chain $\text{N} = \text{M} \le \text{L} \le \text{S} \le \text{Q}$, we have '≤' symbols.

This means $\text{N}$ can be less than $\text{Q}$ ($\text{N} < \text{Q}$) or $\text{N}$ can be equal to $\text{Q}$ ($\text{N} = \text{Q}$). Both are possible according to $\text{N} \le \text{Q}$.

Therefore, Conclusion II ($\text{N} = \text{Q}$) is not definitely true.

Evaluating the "Either I or II" Condition

We found that based on the statements, the relationship between $\text{M}$ and $\text{Q}$ is $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$.

This inequality $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$ means that either $\text{M} < \text{Q}$ or $\text{M} = \text{Q}$ must be true.

Let's look at the conclusions again:

  • Conclusion I: $\text{Q} > \text{M}$, which is the same as $\text{M} < \text{Q}$.
  • Conclusion II: $\text{N} = \text{Q}$. From the statement, we know $\text{N} = \text{M}$. Substituting $\text{N}$ with $\text{M}$ in Conclusion II, it becomes $\text{M} = \text{Q}$.

So, the two conclusions are effectively asking if $\text{M} < \text{Q}$ (Conclusion I) or $\text{M} = \text{Q}$ (Conclusion II) is true.

Since we know that $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$ is definitely true, and $\text{M} \le \text{Q}$ means either $\text{M} < \text{Q}$ or $\text{M} = \text{Q}$, exactly one of these two conditions must hold true.

Therefore, either Conclusion I ($\text{M} < \text{Q}$) or Conclusion II ($\text{M} = \text{Q}$) must be true.

This scenario indicates that neither conclusion individually is definitely true, but one of them must be true. This is the condition for 'Either I or II' to follow.

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Important Questions from Mathematical Inequalities

  1. Directions: In the following question assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion(s) among given conclusions is/are definitely true and then give your answers accordingly.

    Statement:

    Y ≥ C < O ≥ F < R = B

    Conclusions:

    I. B > F

    II. R > C

  2. Directions: In each of the following questions assuming the given statement to be true, find which of the conclusions among given conclusions is / are definitely true and then give your answers accordingly.

    Statement: E < U > L > K ≤ T = H ≤ Q

    Conclusions:

    I. U > H

    II. T ≤ Q

  3. Directions: In the following question assuming the given statements to be True, find which of the conclusion among given conclusions is/are definitely true and then give your answers accordingly.

    Statements: Y > U ≥ Z ≥ K = X ≤ B ≤ A

    Conclusions:

    I. U = X

    II. U > X

  4. Directions: In each of the following questions assuming the given statement to be true, find which of the conclusions among given conclusions is/are definitely true and then give your answers accordingly.

    Statement: S > L < P = T ≥ V > R

    Conclusions:

    I. P > R

    II. S > V

  5. Each of A, B, C and D has Rs 100. A pays Rs 20 to B, who pays Rs 10 to C, who gets Rs 30 from D. In this context, which one of the following statements is not correct?

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