Under expected-utility theory, if a consumer faces two risky alternatives with equal expected monetary income, which criterion generally determines the choice?
Expected utility of both the alternatives
Expected utility compares the probability-weighted utilities of outcomes. Equal expected incomes need not yield equal expected utilities. Variance alone generally cannot rank lotteries without further restrictions on preferences or distributions; a risk-neutral consumer would be indifferent between equal-mean alternatives.
In the above diagram, the consumer surplus is represented by the area of :