How many types of superior subordinate relations are identified by Graicunas?
3
V. A. Graicunas, in his classic 1933 paper 'Relationship in Organization', analysed the span of control by identifying the relationships a superior maintains with subordinates.
He identified three types of superior-subordinate relations: (i) direct single relationships, (ii) direct group relationships, and (iii) cross relationships among subordinates themselves.
Using these three types, Graicunas developed a mathematical formula showing that the total number of relationships grows rapidly as the number of subordinates increases, thereby limiting an effective span of control.
Hence, the correct option is 3.
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