How does the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025, affect the involvement of private sector in India's nuclear industry?
Enables limited private participation under regulatory oversight
The SHANTI Bill, 2025, passed by Parliament in December 2025, replaces the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 with a single law for the nuclear sector.
It opens nuclear power generation to licensed private (and joint-venture) companies for the first time, but only under a licensing regime and the oversight of a statutory Atomic Energy Regulatory Board; it also rationalises operator liability.
Sensitive and strategic activities — such as enrichment, reprocessing of spent fuel, heavy-water production and management of high-level radioactive waste — remain with the Central Government. So private firms neither control strategic assets nor run the full fuel cycle, and the earlier complete government monopoly on nuclear power is ended.
Therefore the Bill allows private entry in a limited, regulated manner.
Hence, the answer is Enables limited private participation under regulatory oversight.
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