1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
2. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Ovarian tumour
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Hirsutism Causes Analysis
Understanding Hirsutism
Hirsutism refers to the excessive growth of hair in a male-like pattern (on the face, chest, and back) in women. It is typically caused by an excess of androgens (male hormones).
Conditions Associated with Hirsutism
The question asks to identify conditions where hirsutism is observed. Let's analyze the options:
- 1. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, and often, excess androgen production, leading to hirsutism.
- 2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): Certain forms of CAH involve enzyme deficiencies that affect cortisol and aldosterone production, leading to increased androgen levels and subsequently, hirsutism.
- 3. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is generally associated with symptoms like hair loss, dry skin, and fatigue, not hirsutism. While hormonal imbalances are involved, they don't typically cause excessive male-pattern hair growth.
- 4. Ovarian Tumour: Some specific types of ovarian tumours, particularly androgen-secreting tumours like Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours, can produce excess androgens, causing significant hirsutism.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, hirsutism is commonly seen in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (1), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (2), and androgen-secreting Ovarian Tumours (4). Hypothyroidism (3) is not typically associated with hirsutism.
Therefore, the correct combination is 1, 2, and 4.
Important Questions from Adrenal Disorders
- Which one of the following is a cause of Secondary Hyperaldosteronism?
Which of the following are correct regarding Cortisol?
1. Levels are highest in the morning on waking.
2. Cortisol falls dramatically during an illness.
3. More than 95% circulating cortisol is protein bound.
4. It is the major glucocorticoid in humans and can also activate mineralocorticoid receptors.
Select the answer using the code given below :
- A 50-year lady, who is a known case of rheumatoid arthritis, presents with obesity, moon facies, abdominal striae and hypertension. Overnight dexamethasone suppression test shows serum cortisol is greater than 50 nmol/L, serum ACTH is less than 1.1 pmol/L. The adrenal imaging and brain CT/MRI imaging studies are unremarkable. The likely diagnosis is
- A patient presents with circulatory shock, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. A diagnosis of acute adrenal crisis is considered. A blood sample is stored for measurement of serum cortisol and treatment started without delay. Which of the following are appropriate interventions?
1. IV normal saline
2. IV hydrocortisone 100 mg stat
3. IV 10% glucose
4. IV KCl as infusion
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - Escape behaviour with paroxysmal occurrence is seen in:
