Given question has main statement followed by four statements. Choose the ordered pair of statements, where the first statement implies the second, and the two statements are logically consistent with the main statement. The officer will respond if you write complain officially. A. you wrote the complain officially B. you did not write the complain officially C. The officer responded D. The officer did not respond
DB
The main statement provided is: "The officer will respond if you write complain officially." This is a conditional statement, indicating a dependency where one event must occur for another to potentially happen.
To analyze this logically, we can represent the statements using propositional logic symbols:
The main statement "The officer will respond if you write complain officially" can be formally written as:
$$ P \rightarrow Q $$This logical form means that if $ P $ (writing the complaint officially) is true, then $ Q $ (the officer responds) must also be true. If $ P $ is false, the truth value of $ Q $ does not affect the validity of the statement $ P \rightarrow Q $.
The question presents four specific propositions related to the scenario:
The task is to identify an ordered pair of statements (let's call them Statement 1 and Statement 2) that meet two criteria:
We need to evaluate the given options, which are pairs of these statements (A, B, C, D).
Let's systematically examine the logical implications and consistency for each potential pair:
| Option Pair | Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Does Statement 1 imply Statement 2? | Are both statements consistent with $ P \rightarrow Q $? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DA | D ($ \neg Q $) | A ($ P $) | No. The implication $ \neg Q \rightarrow P $ is not supported. From $ P \rightarrow Q $, we know $ \neg Q $ implies $ \neg P $. | No. $ \neg Q $ implies $ \neg P $. Statement A ($ P $) contradicts this derived conclusion. |
| BC | B ($ \neg P $) | C ($ Q $) | No. The implication $ \neg P \rightarrow Q $ is not necessarily true. This is the fallacy of denying the antecedent. | Possible, but the implication itself isn't guaranteed by $ P \rightarrow Q $. |
| BD | B ($ \neg P $) | D ($ \neg Q $) | No. The implication $ \neg P \rightarrow \neg Q $ is not necessarily true. This is also the fallacy of denying the antecedent. | Possible, but the implication itself isn't guaranteed by $ P \rightarrow Q $. |
| DB | D ($ \neg Q $) | B ($ \neg P $) | Yes. The implication $ \neg Q \rightarrow \neg P $ is the contrapositive of $ P \rightarrow Q $, making it logically equivalent. This is also Modus Tollens. | Yes. If $ \neg Q $ is true, $ P \rightarrow Q $ implies $ \neg P $ must be true. $ \neg P $ is consistent with $ P \rightarrow Q $. |
Let's take a closer look at the pair DB:
1. Implication Check ($ \neg Q \rightarrow \neg P $):
The primary statement is $ P \rightarrow Q $. Its contrapositive is $ \neg Q \rightarrow \neg P $. Since a statement and its contrapositive are logically equivalent, the implication $ \neg Q \rightarrow \neg P $ is valid. This means if the officer did not respond (D), it logically follows that you did not write the complaint officially (B), given the initial rule.
2. Consistency Check:
If Statement D ($ \neg Q $) is true, then for the rule $ P \rightarrow Q $ to hold, Statement B ($ \neg P $) must necessarily be true. If Statement B ($ \neg P $) is true, the rule $ P \rightarrow Q $ remains valid irrespective of whether the officer responded or not. Thus, both statements D and B are fully consistent with the main conditional statement.
Because the pair DB satisfies both the implication requirement and the consistency requirement, it is the correct choice.
The other options fail to meet the criteria:
Only the ordered pair DB demonstrates a valid logical implication (the contrapositive) that is also consistent with the original conditional statement.
As a responsible person, which of the following is not advisable?
Given question has main statement followed by four statements. Choose the ordered pair of statements, where the first statement implies the second, and the two statements are logically consistent with the main statement.
When she takes an examination, she clears it.
A. she took an examination
B. she did not take an examination
C. she cleared it.
D. she did not clear it.
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While traveling in a train, you notice that a lady from the coach behind you falls from the stairs of the train. What should be your best rational course of action?