Assertion A: Data must be authentic before it can be of any value in historical research, yet proof of authenticity does not establish its value, it must also be accurate.
Reason R: External criticism is, therefore, referred to as lower criticism of the data.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Assertion A: Historical Data Requirements
Assertion A is correct. For data to be valuable in historical research, it must first be authentic (genuine) and then accurate (correct). Authenticity is the initial check; accuracy validates the content.
Reason R: External Criticism and Lower Criticism
Reason R is correct. External criticism is the method used to determine the authenticity and origin of a source. It is commonly known as "lower criticism".
Evaluation: R as Explanation for A
Reason R correctly explains Assertion A. External criticism (lower criticism) verifies the authenticity of data, which Assertion A identifies as the crucial first step. While Assertion A also mentions the need for accuracy (verified by internal criticism), the process described in Reason R (establishing authenticity) is the necessary precursor and thus provides a correct explanation for the initial requirement stated in Assertion A.
Important Questions from Data Collection Instrument
Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A) : Actual settings are the direct source of data and the researcher is the key instrument in qualitative research.
Reasons (R) : The purpose underlying qualitative researches is relatively more directed at depiction of reality rather than arriving at context free generalizations.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
The advantages of the structured interview are :
(A) Provides limited choices that reduce the possibility of generalization
(B) Standardises questions
(C) Accuracy is possible to a large extent
(D) Data processing is easy
(E) Misinterpretation is possible due to strict standardisation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Responses to open-ended questions are
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Debriefing of participants takes place at the beginning of a study.
Statement II: Deception is the practice of giving false information to research participants about some aspect of the study.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Which of the following should be taken into account while preparing a questionnaire?
A. The purpose of research
B. Brevity of questions
C. Avoidance of leading questions
D. Questions that seek detailed information
E. Preference for double‐barrelled questions
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
