Assertion (A) : Ranajit Guha began the subaltern school of thought in Indian Historiography in 1980's.
Reason (R) : Subaltern approach takes the position that the entire tradition of Indian historiography has an elitist bias & the role of the common mass has been neglected or ignored.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Assertion (A) states that Ranajit Guha initiated the subaltern school of thought in Indian Historiography during the 1980s. This statement is factually correct. Ranajit Guha is widely recognized as a key figure who, along with others, founded the Subaltern Studies Group, publishing their first major collection in the early 1980s. This marked a significant shift in historical analysis.
Reason (R) explains the fundamental principle of the subaltern approach. It posits that much of Indian historiography suffers from an elitist bias, often overlooking or minimizing the agency and contributions of the common masses. This critique is central to the subaltern studies project.
The subaltern approach, as described in Reason (R), directly addresses the gap in traditional historiography that prompted the development of the subaltern school. The perceived elitist bias and neglect of the masses motivated scholars like Guha to establish a new framework (Assertion A) that centered the experiences and struggles of the marginalized. Therefore, Reason (R) provides the foundational justification and correct explanation for why the subaltern school emerged in Indian historiography.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are accurate statements. Furthermore, Reason (R) correctly explains the rationale behind Assertion (A), highlighting the core motivation and theoretical basis for the establishment of the subaltern school of thought.
Morgenthau's principles of political realism are:
A. Politics is rooted in permanent and unchanging human nature which is basically self centred, self-regarding and self-interested
B. Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to morals
C. International Politics is an arena of conflicting self-interests
D. The ethics of international relations is situational ethics which is very different from private morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?