To categorize the drippers based on the given parameters, we need to understand the relationship of the discharge exponent and the coefficient of variation concerning dripper types and their quality.
Discharge Exponent (x): It helps in determining the flow characteristics of drippers. The exponent can indicate whether the flow is laminar (x ≈ 1.0), turbulent (x < 1.0), or pressure-compensating (x ≈ 0).
In this case, the discharge exponent value is given as 0.5, which suggests that the drippers are operating in turbulent flow conditions because it is significantly less than 1.0.
Coefficient of Variation (CV): It is used to measure the uniformity of drippers. A lower CV indicates more uniform flow and better quality.
- Excellent: CV < 0.05
- Good: 0.05 < CV < 0.07
- Marginal: CV > 0.07
The given CV is 0.04, which falls under the "excellent" category in terms of uniformity/quality.
Combining these observations:
- The discharge exponent (0.5) indicates a turbulent flow condition for the drippers.
- The coefficient of variation (0.04) suggests excellent uniformity.
Conclusion: The drippers fall under the category of "Turbulent flow-tortuous path orifice type drippers of good quality" due to their turbulent flow characteristics and excellent CV.
Important Questions from Micro Irrigation Methods
- The average discharge, operating pressure and emitter constant of a drip emitter are 4 L h$^{-1}$, 110 kPa and 0.3, respectively. The type of emitter is
- A permanent matured orchard has a tree spacing of 4 $m\times5$ m. Each tree has a shading area of 40% to be irrigated with the 'pig tail' pattern multi-exit drip emitters. The effective wetting geometry of each emitter is 2 $m\times2$ m. The emitters have discharge constant and exponent of 0.3 and 0.6, respectively. The coefficient of variation of emitter discharge is 0.06. The average and minimum operating pressures are 120 kPa and 100 kPa, respectively. The emission uniformity of the emitters is ________ %.
- In a field test of drip irrigation system having an application efficiency of 90%, the minimum, maximum and average flow rates are found to be $45 \ L\cdot h^{-1}$, $65 \ L\cdot h^{-1}$ and $50 \ L\cdot h^{-1}$, respectively. The manufacturer's coefficient of variation of the emitter is 0.07. If there is one emitter per plant, the drip irrigation efficiency in percent is ______ [round off to 2 decimal places]
- In a citrus orchard, planting is done at a spacing of 5 m × 5 m. The daily pan evaporation of the orchard is 6 mm. The pan coefficient, wetting factor (crop canopy factor) and crop coefficient are 0.8, 0.6 and 0.6, respectively. Four drippers each of 4 L $h^{-1}$ discharge are used to irrigate each plant. The time of operation of drip irrigation system in hours will be
