Analyzing Family Expenditure Data 2020 and 2021

The question asks us to identify which specific budget heads saw an increase in the actual amount of money spent by the family in the year 2021 compared to 2020. We are given the percentage distribution of expenditure across various categories and the total income for both years. To solve this, we need to calculate the absolute amount spent on each budget head for each year and then compare them.

Here is the provided data table showing the percentage distribution of family expenditure:

The total income for the family was:

• In 2020: Rs. 50000
• In 2021: Rs. 75000

We need to calculate the expenditure for the budget heads mentioned in the options: Health, Clothing, and Travel for both years.

Calculating Expenditure on Health

Let's calculate the actual amount spent on Health in 2020 and 2021.

• Expenditure on Health in 2020: Percentage * Total Income in 2020
• Amount spent on Health in 2020 = \(5\% \text{ of } 50000 = \frac{5}{100} \times 50000 = 0.05 \times 50000 = 2500\)
• Expenditure on Health in 2021: Percentage * Total Income in 2021
• Amount spent on Health in 2021 = \(6\% \text{ of } 75000 = \frac{6}{100} \times 75000 = 0.06 \times 75000 = 4500\)

Comparing the amounts: Rs. 4500 (2021) > Rs. 2500 (2020). So, the expenditure on Health increased.

Calculating Expenditure on Clothing

Now, let's calculate the actual amount spent on Clothing in 2020 and 2021.

• Expenditure on Clothing in 2020: Percentage * Total Income in 2020
• Amount spent on Clothing in 2020 = \(25\% \text{ of } 50000 = \frac{25}{100} \times 50000 = 0.25 \times 50000 = 12500\)
• Expenditure on Clothing in 2021: Percentage * Total Income in 2021
• Amount spent on Clothing in 2021 = \(25\% \text{ of } 75000 = \frac{25}{100} \times 75000 = 0.25 \times 75000 = 18750\)

Comparing the amounts: Rs. 18750 (2021) > Rs. 12500 (2020). So, the expenditure on Clothing increased.

Calculating Expenditure on Travel

Finally, let's calculate the actual amount spent on Travel in 2020 and 2021.

• Expenditure on Travel in 2020: Percentage * Total Income in 2020
• Amount spent on Travel in 2020 = \(34\% \text{ of } 50000 = \frac{34}{100} \times 50000 = 0.34 \times 50000 = 17000\)
• Expenditure on Travel in 2021: Percentage * Total Income in 2021
• Amount spent on Travel in 2021 = \(24\% \text{ of } 75000 = \frac{24}{100} \times 75000 = 0.24 \times 75000 = 18000\)

Comparing the amounts: Rs. 18000 (2021) > Rs. 17000 (2020). So, the expenditure on Travel increased.

Summary of Expenditure Comparison (2020 vs 2021)

Based on the calculations, the family spent more amount of money in 2021 than in 2020 for all three budget heads listed in the options: Health, Clothing, and Travel.

Therefore, the correct choice includes A (Health), B (Clothing), and C (Travel).

Revision Table: Family Expenditure Analysis

Let's review the calculations for the budget heads considered in the options:

• Health: 2020: Rs. 2500, 2021: Rs. 4500. Increase.
• Clothing: 2020: Rs. 12500, 2021: Rs. 18750. Increase.
• Travel: 2020: Rs. 17000, 2021: Rs. 18000. Increase.

All three showed an increase in actual expenditure despite the percentage for Travel decreasing significantly (from 34% to 24%). This highlights the importance of considering the total income when analyzing percentage distributions of expenditure.

Additional Information: Data Interpretation Tips

When working with data interpretation questions involving percentages and total values, always remember the following:

• Percentages show proportions, not absolute values.
• The actual amount represented by a percentage depends on the base value (in this case, total income).
• An increase in percentage does not automatically mean an increase in the absolute value if the base value decreases.
• Similarly, a decrease in percentage does not automatically mean a decrease in the absolute value if the base value increases significantly.
• Always calculate the absolute values when asked to compare amounts or quantities.
• Organize your calculations clearly, perhaps using a table, to avoid errors.