The first schism in Buddhism marked a significant division within the early Buddhist community, leading to the formation of distinct schools of thought. This initial divergence was primarily based on interpretations of monastic discipline (vinaya) and doctrine.
Historical records indicate that the first major split resulted in the emergence of key schools. According to the provided information, the two schools arising from this first schism in Buddhism were:
These schools represented early developments in Buddhist thought and practice following the Buddha's passing.
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| A. Madhyamika School | I. Upali |
| B. The Vinaya School | II. Mahadeva |
| C. The Caityavada School | III. Maitreya |
| D. The Yogacara School | IV. Nagarjuna |
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| A. Khuddak - Nikaya | I. Samyutta - Nikaya |
| B. Sutta Pitaka | II. Mahavagga |
| C. Khandhaka | III. Yamaka |
| D. Abhidhamma - Pitak | IV. Patisambhida |