Direction for the question 41 to 45: Read the following passage and answer the question: Nomadic herding or pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity, in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. They move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending on the amount and quality of pastures and water. Each nomadic community occupies a well-identified territory as a matter of tradition. A wide variety of animals is kept in different regions. In tropical Africa, cattle are the most important livestock, while in Sahara and Asiatic deserts, sheeps, goats and camel are reared. In the mountainous areas of Tibet and Andes, Yak and llamas and in the Arctic and sub-Artic areas, reindeer are the most important animals. Pastoral nomadism is associated with three important regions. The core region extends from the Atlantic shores of North Africa eastwards across the Arabian Peninsula into Mongolia and Central China. The second region extends over the Tundra region of Eurasia. In the southern hemisphere there are small areas in south-West Africa and on the islands of Madagascar. Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or vertically from one elevation to another in the mountainous regions. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountain during Summer and again from Mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as Transhumance. In mountain regions such as Himalayas, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas migrate from plains to the mountains in summers and to the plains from the high-altitude pastures in winters. Similarly, in the Tundra regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters. The number of pastoral nomads has been decreasing and the areas operated by them shrinking. This is due to: (a) imposition of political boundaries, (b) new settlement plans by different countries. Which tribe is not the part of transhumance in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
Gond
Understanding Transhumance and Nomadic Tribes in the Himalayas
The question asks to identify the tribe among the given options that is not mentioned as practicing transhumance in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, based on the provided passage.
The passage defines transhumance as the process of seasonal migration. Specifically, it is the movement from plain areas to mountain pastures during summer and back from mountain pastures to plain areas during winter. This practice is observed in mountainous regions, including the Himalayas.
The passage explicitly mentions several tribes that engage in transhumance in the Himalayan regions:
- Gujjars
- Bakarwals
- Gaddis
- Bhotiyas
These tribes migrate from the plains to the mountains in summers and return to the plains from high-altitude pastures in winters. This movement is a form of pastoral nomadism linked to finding suitable pastures for their livestock throughout the year.
Now let's look at the options provided:
- Gujjar
- Bakarwal
- Gond
- Gaddis
Comparing the tribes mentioned in the passage with the options, we see that Gujjar, Bakarwal, and Gaddis are explicitly listed as tribes practicing transhumance in the Himalayan regions. The passage does not mention the Gond tribe in the context of transhumance in the Himalayas or these specific states.
Therefore, based on the information in the passage, the Gond tribe is not part of the transhumance practice described for the mentioned Himalayan areas.
Here is a summary table:
| Tribe | Mentioned in Passage for Himalayan Transhumance? |
|---|---|
| Gujjar | Yes |
| Bakarwal | Yes |
| Gond | No |
| Gaddis | Yes |
The passage focuses on pastoral nomadism and transhumance in various parts of the world, including the Himalayan region of India. It clearly lists Gujjars, Bakarwals, and Gaddis as groups involved in transhumance in this area. The Gond tribe is a large tribal group primarily found in central India, and while they have distinct cultural practices, the passage does not associate them with the specific practice of transhumance in the Himalayas as described.
Revision Table: Key Terms and Concepts
| Term | Explanation based on Passage |
|---|---|
| Nomadic Herding (Pastoral Nomadism) | A subsistence activity where herders rely on animals and move with livestock based on pasture and water availability. |
| Transhumance | Seasonal migration of livestock and herders between plain areas (winter) and mountain pastures (summer) in mountainous regions. |
| Himalayan Tribes (practicing Transhumance) | Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis, Bhotiyas. |
Additional Information on Tribes and Pastoralism
Pastoralism is a livelihood strategy centered around the raising of livestock. Nomadic pastoralism involves moving with animals over large distances, while transhumance is a specific type of seasonal movement, often between different altitudes.
The tribes mentioned in the passage, like the Gujjars, Bakarwals, and Gaddis, have historically practiced transhumance in the Himalayas, adapting their movements to the seasonal availability of pastures. This practice is deeply embedded in their culture and economy.
The Gond people are one of the largest tribal groups in India. They inhabit areas primarily in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha. Their traditional livelihoods vary depending on the region but are often based on agriculture, forest produce collection, and sometimes livestock, though they are not typically associated with the specific transhumance routes in the high Himalayas discussed in the passage.
Important Questions from Primary Activities
The activity solely dependent upon animals is called:
Which of the following is a mining town?
According to density of population arrange the given continents in descending order.
A. Europe
B. Africa
C. Asia
D. North America
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following Geographers has emphasized on ‘synthesis study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface’ while defining Human Geography?
Direction for the question 41 to 45: Read the following passage and answer the question:
Nomadic herding or pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity, in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. They move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending on the amount and quality of pastures and water. Each nomadic community occupies a well-identified territory as a matter of tradition.
A wide variety of animals is kept in different regions. In tropical Africa, cattle are the most important livestock, while in Sahara and Asiatic deserts, sheeps, goats and camel are reared. In the mountainous areas of Tibet and Andes, Yak and llamas and in the Arctic and sub-Artic areas, reindeer are the most important animals.
Pastoral nomadism is associated with three important regions. The core region extends from the Atlantic shores of North Africa eastwards across the Arabian Peninsula into Mongolia and Central China. The second region extends over the Tundra region of Eurasia. In the southern hemisphere there are small areas in south-West Africa and on the islands of Madagascar.
Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or vertically from one elevation to another in the mountainous regions. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountain during Summer and again from Mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as Transhumance. In mountain regions such as Himalayas, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas migrate from plains to the mountains in summers and to the plains from the high-altitude pastures in winters.
Similarly, in the Tundra regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters.
The number of pastoral nomads has been decreasing and the areas operated by them shrinking. This is due to: (a) imposition of political boundaries, (b) new settlement plans by different countries.
The number of pastoral nomads have been decreasing and operated area shrinking due to?
