Choose the INCORRECT statement:
Tetanospasmin facilitates the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid at synapses
Tetanospasmin and its Action
The question asks us to identify the incorrect statement among the given options related to Tetanospasmin. Tetanospasmin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani.
Let's examine each statement:
- Tetanospasmin is associated with Tetanus: This statement is correct. Tetanospasmin is the primary toxin responsible for the symptoms of tetanus, a serious bacterial disease that causes painful muscle spasms. The bacteria Clostridium tetani releases this toxin.
- Tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin: This statement is correct. A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells (neurons). Tetanospasmin acts on the nervous system, interfering with nerve signals that control muscles.
- Tetanospasmin facilitates the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid at synapses: This statement is incorrect. Tetanospasmin does not facilitate the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Instead, it acts by blocking the release of these inhibitory neurotransmitters at inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system. This blockade leads to uncontrolled excitation of motor neurons, resulting in muscle rigidity and spasms characteristic of tetanus. Facilitating the release would have an opposite effect, promoting inhibition.
- Immunization with toxoids is used for the prevention of tetanus: This statement is correct. Tetanus is preventable through vaccination using tetanus toxoid. A toxoid is an inactivated toxin that is no longer toxic but can still stimulate an immune response, allowing the body to produce antibodies against the actual toxin. Vaccines like DTaP and Tdap contain tetanus toxoid to protect against tetanus.
Based on the analysis, the statement that Tetanospasmin facilitates the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid at synapses is incorrect because Tetanospasmin actually blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA and glycine.
Important Questions from Immune System
- Which of the following is correct about the impact of stress on immune system of an individual?
- Which components of psychoneuro immunological system is not effected by glucocorticoids
- Brief stress enhances the activity of immune system as evidenced by the action of
- Choose the correct sequence of response of immune system
A. Synthesizes antibodies which comprises immunoglobulins
B. Immune system identifies foreign substances in the body
C. Immunoglobulins specifically designed to bind the antigens
D. Destroy the antigens
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: There are number of specific T cell surface molecules involved in various functions of adaptive immune response. Column X represents a list of T cell surface molecules and Column Y with the possible functional characteristics:
Column X
Column Y
A.
T cell receptor
(i)
binds to CD40 on B cells and APCs and triggers activation of APCs and activation/differentiation of B cells.
B.
CD28
(ii)
binds to MHC class I molecules and restricts I cytotoxic cells to recognizing only peptide presented on MHC class I
C.
CD8
(iii)
binds to B7 - 1, 2 or CD80/86 on B cells and APCs, which triggers T cell activation.
D.
CD154
(iv)
consists of two poly-peptide chains α and β and some consist of poly-peptide chains γ and δ.
Which of the following option has all correct matches?
