A. Synthesizes antibodies which comprises immunoglobulins
B. Immune system identifies foreign substances in the body
C. Immunoglobulins specifically designed to bind the antigens
D. Destroy the antigens
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Understanding the Immune System Response Sequence
The immune system is our body's defense mechanism against harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances, often called antigens. When the immune system encounters such a substance, it follows a specific sequence of actions to protect the body. Let's break down the correct sequence step-by-step:
Step 1: Identification of Foreign Substances (B)
- Immune system identifies foreign substances in the body: This is the crucial first step. Specialized cells within the immune system act like sentinels, constantly monitoring the body for anything that doesn't belong. When a foreign substance (antigen) is detected, the immune system recognizes it as a threat.
Step 2: Antibody Synthesis (A)
- Synthesizes antibodies which comprises immunoglobulins: Once the foreign substance is identified, the immune system, particularly certain white blood cells like B-cells, begins producing specific defensive proteins. These proteins are called antibodies, and they are a type of protein known as immunoglobulins. Each antibody is designed to target a specific type of antigen.
Step 3: Specific Binding to Antigens (C)
- Immunoglobulins specifically designed to bind the antigens: The antibodies created in the previous step are highly specific. They have unique shapes that allow them to lock onto the particular antigen that triggered their production, much like a key fitting into a specific lock. This precise binding is essential for neutralizing the threat.
Step 4: Destruction of Antigens (D)
- Destroy the antigens: After the antibodies bind to the antigens, they can neutralize the threat in several ways. They might block the antigen from harming cells, mark the antigen for destruction by other immune cells (like macrophages), or activate other parts of the immune system to eliminate the invader. This final step effectively removes the foreign substance from the body.
Correct Sequence Summary
Therefore, the logical and correct sequence of the immune system's response is:
- B: Identification of the foreign substance (antigen).
- A: Synthesis of antibodies (immunoglobulins).
- C: Specific binding of antibodies to the antigen.
- D: Destruction of the antigen.
This sequence corresponds to B, A, C, D.
Important Questions from Immune System
- Which of the following is correct about the impact of stress on immune system of an individual?
- Which components of psychoneuro immunological system is not effected by glucocorticoids
- Brief stress enhances the activity of immune system as evidenced by the action of
There are number of specific T cell surface molecules involved in various functions of adaptive immune response. Column X represents a list of T cell surface molecules and Column Y with the possible functional characteristics:
Column X
Column Y
A.
T cell receptor
(i)
binds to CD40 on B cells and APCs and triggers activation of APCs and activation/differentiation of B cells.
B.
CD28
(ii)
binds to MHC class I molecules and restricts I cytotoxic cells to recognizing only peptide presented on MHC class I
C.
CD8
(iii)
binds to B7 - 1, 2 or CD80/86 on B cells and APCs, which triggers T cell activation.
D.
CD154
(iv)
consists of two poly-peptide chains α and β and some consist of poly-peptide chains γ and δ.
Which of the following option has all correct matches?
Which one of the following influenza A virus subtypes caused severe avian flu and was responsible for disease outbreak in the year 1997 in Hong Kong?
