Which connective tissue smoothens bone surfaces at joints and is present in the ear and trachea?
Cartilage
Cartilage is a specialised connective tissue in which living cells (chondrocytes) sit in a tough yet flexible matrix made of proteins and sugars. Because the matrix is firm but not rigid like bone, cartilage forms a smooth, slightly springy cushion over the ends of bones at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock during movement.
It also gives shape and flexible support to structures that must keep an open passage or a definite form without being heavy and hard, which is why it is found in the external ear (pinna), the nose tip, and the rings of the trachea (windpipe) that keep the airway from collapsing.
Areolar tissue is a loose packing/filling connective tissue found between organs and under the skin, not a smooth joint covering. Adipose tissue is fat-storing tissue that acts as an insulator and energy store. A ligament is a tough fibrous band that connects bone to bone to stabilise a joint, but it does not coat the bone surface to smoothen it.
Hence, the connective tissue described is cartilage.
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