Reason (R) : During continued muscular activity the O2 restricts the release of energy after some time as body muscles are involved in managing the metabolites.
Codes :
Assertion (A) Analysis:
- Assertion (A) states that during continued muscular activity, glycogen breaks down in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy along with metabolites like lactic acid, CO2, heat, and moisture.
- Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) is a primary source of glucose for muscle cells during exercise.
- In the presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions), glucose metabolism yields significant energy (ATP), CO2, water (contributing to heat and moisture).
- While CO2, heat, and moisture are products of aerobic metabolism, lactic acid is typically associated with anaerobic metabolism (when oxygen supply is insufficient for demand).
- However, in intense or prolonged activity, both aerobic and anaerobic pathways can operate simultaneously or sequentially. Therefore, the assertion that lactic acid is released, alongside aerobic products, might be considered true in a broader context of sustained muscular effort where oxygen availability can fluctuate relative to demand.
Reason (R) Analysis:
- Reason (R) claims that oxygen restricts energy release after some time because muscles manage metabolites.
- This statement is factually incorrect. Oxygen is essential for efficient energy (ATP) production through aerobic respiration. It facilitates, rather than restricts, energy release.
- A lack of oxygen limits energy production, leading to increased reliance on anaerobic pathways and subsequent fatigue, but oxygen itself does not restrict the process. The management of metabolites is a result of metabolic activity, not a cause for oxygen restriction.
- Therefore, Reason (R) is false.
Conclusion:
- Based on the analysis, Assertion (A) is considered true in the context of sustained muscular activity involving mixed metabolic states, while Reason (R) is false.
- This corresponds to Option A.
Important Questions from Anatomy & Exercise
Find the correct sequence of steps of mechanism of muscular contraction from the following: Choose the correct option:
Match the items of List I with the items of List II and choose the correct answer from the code given below.
List I
List II
(a)
Reflex Movements
(i)
Inherent movement patterns based on combinations of reflex movements
(b)
Basic Fundamental Movements
(ii)
Degree of efficiency in performing a complex movement
(c)
Skilled Movements
(iii)
Action elicited without conscious volition in response to some stimuli.
(d)
Perceptual Abilities
(iv)
Interpretation of stimuli from various modalities
Match the items of List I with the items of List II and choose the correct answer from the code given below.
List I
List II
(a)
Syndeomoses
(i)
Immovable joint
(b)
Gomphoses
(ii)
Amphiarthroses
(c)
Synchondroses
(iii)
Slightly movable joint
(d)
Symphases
(iv)
Synnarthroses
Myofilaments are present in each skeletal musice fibre in significant number and each myofilament consists of
(i) Myoglobin
(ii) Troponin
(iii) Tryptophan
(iv) β actinin
(v) Thyrotropin
(vi) M. Protein
Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
Gliding joints, in which only slight gliding movement occurs, are also known as
(i) Irregular joints
(ii) Biaxial joints
(iii) Plane joints
(iv) Uniaxial joints
(v) Saddle joints
Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
