Parliament's Function Under Article 245

Article 245 of the Constitution of India outlines the territorial extent of the laws made by Parliament and by the legislatures of States. It primarily deals with the legislative powers granted to these bodies.

Let's analyze the options in the context of Article 245:

• Criticising Government: While Parliament members do engage in criticism of the government, this falls under parliamentary oversight and debate, not the primary legislative function defined by Article 245.
• Governing: Governing is a broad term encompassing executive actions and policy implementation. Article 245 specifically addresses the legislative aspect, not the overall governance.
• Law-making: Article 245 explicitly deals with the power of Parliament to make laws and defines the scope of these laws across India. Therefore, law-making is the core function addressed by this article. Parliament enacts laws for the entire country or specific parts thereof, as stipulated within the constitutional framework.
• Collecting taxes: Collecting taxes is a specific function that requires laws to be made (e.g., Finance Acts, Tax Codes). While Parliament makes laws related to taxation, "Collecting taxes" itself is more of an executive or administrative function, derived from the primary function of law-making. Article 245 refers to the broader power to legislate, not just a specific subset like tax collection.

Conclusion on Article 245

Based on the scope defined in Article 245, which concerns the extent and validity of laws passed by the legislature, the most accurate description of Parliament's function is Law-making. This article establishes the foundation for Parliament's legislative authority throughout India.