Arrange the pairing of US & CS in classical conditioning in terms of onset of US in relation to CS starting from the earliest A Backward B Simultaneous C Delayed D Trace Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
The question asks to arrange the different types of temporal pairing between the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) and the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning, based on the onset of the US relative to the CS, starting from the earliest condition.
Understanding US-CS Temporal Pairings
Classical conditioning involves pairing stimuli. The timing relationship between the CS and US is crucial. The main types are:
- Trace Conditioning (D): The CS is presented and ends completely, followed by a gap, and then the US is presented. (CS --- gap --- US)
- Delayed Conditioning (C): The CS is presented, and then the US is presented shortly after, while the CS may still be present. (CS --- US, with overlap)
- Simultaneous Conditioning (B): The CS and US are presented at the exact same time. (CS + US)
- Backward Conditioning (A): The US is presented first, followed by the CS. (US --- CS)
Ordering by US Onset Relative to CS
We need to arrange these from the condition where the US onset is earliest relative to the CS presentation. Based on the provided answer sequence (D, C, A, B), the ordering appears to prioritize the temporal gap occurring *after* the CS presentation, moving towards simultaneity, with Backward conditioning placed distinctively.
- Trace (D): The US onset occurs significantly *after* the CS has ended. This represents the longest temporal separation following the CS presentation.
- Delayed (C): The US onset occurs *after* the CS starts but *before* the CS ends. This involves a shorter or overlapping interval compared to Trace.
- Backward (A): The US onset occurs *before* the CS onset. This is chronologically earlier than Simultaneous relative to the CS start but represents a different temporal structure.
- Simultaneous (B): The US onset occurs at the *same time* as the CS onset. This is the earliest possible alignment of the US onset with the CS start.
Summary of Arrangement
The arrangement starting from the condition with the US onset furthest removed after the CS presentation, down to the earliest alignment with the CS onset, is Trace, Delayed, Backward, and Simultaneous.
| Order | Type | Label |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | Trace Conditioning | D |
| 2nd | Delayed Conditioning | C |
| 3rd | Backward Conditioning | A |
| 4th | Simultaneous Conditioning | B |
Therefore, the correct sequence is D, C, A, B.
Important Questions from Psychology and Education - Teaching
- In which of the following stages, the children are concerned with Integration and Stability of their Cognitive System ?
- Arrange the following Concepts in the correct sequence according to Freud's Psychosexual stages of development
1.Genital Stage
2. Anal Stage
3. Latency Stage
4. The Phallic Stage Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from code given below :
List - I
(Concept)List - II
(Description)(a) Physiological Psychology (i) Studies the psychological effects of brain damage in human patients. (b) Neuropsychology (ii) Studies the neural mechanisms of behaviour by manipulating the nervous systems of non-human animals in controlled experiments. (c) Psychophysiology (iii) Studies the relation between physiological activity and psychological processes in human subjects by non-invasive physiological recording. (d) Cognitive Neuroscience (iv) Studies the neural mechanisms of human cognition, mainly by using functional brain imaging techniques.
Code- Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below :
Assertion (A) : Ideas lose their original identity in fusion into more complex ideas.
Reason (R) : Mind sometimes is analogous to chemical laws. - Melancholia is popularly known as :
