Kohlberg Stages Moral Development Ordering

This section details the correct sequence of the stages of moral development proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, based on the provided options.

Understanding the Stages

• (c) Heteronomous morality: This stage involves judging actions based on consequences and obeying rules to avoid punishment. It is part of the Pre-conventional Level (Stage 1).
• (b) Instrumental purpose: Here, actions are judged based on whether they serve one's own needs or interests, with an understanding of reciprocal exchange. This is the Pre-conventional Level (Stage 2).
• (a) Social order maintaining: This stage emphasizes upholding laws and social rules to maintain the social order and prevent breakdown. It belongs to the Conventional Level (Stage 4).
• (d) Social contract orientation: Individuals recognize laws as social agreements that can be changed for the greater good, focusing on rights and democracy. This is the Post-conventional Level (Stage 5).
• (e) Universal ethical principles: Actions are guided by abstract principles of justice and fairness, chosen by the individual, which may transcend specific laws. This represents the Post-conventional Level (Stage 6).

Sequence of Moral Development

Arranging these specific orientations in their established order within Kohlberg's framework:

1. (c) Heteronomous morality (Pre-conventional)
2. (b) Instrumental purpose (Pre-conventional)
3. (a) Social order maintaining (Conventional)
4. (d) Social contract orientation (Post-conventional)
5. (e) Universal ethical principles (Post-conventional)

Therefore, the correct order is (c), (b), (a), (d), (e).