Arrange the following in a chronological order: A. Santhal Rebellion. B. Permanent Settlement in Bengal. C. Regulating Act. D. Ryot Rebellion in Deccan. E. First Revenue Settlement in Bombay Deccan. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(c) C, B, A, E, D
Chronological Order of Indian Historical Events
Understanding the timeline of significant events is crucial for studying history. This question asks us to arrange several key events from the British period in India in their chronological order.
Let's identify the events and their approximate years or periods:
- A. Santhal Rebellion: This major tribal uprising took place in 1855-1856.
- B. Permanent Settlement in Bengal: Introduced by Lord Cornwallis, this land revenue system was implemented in 1793.
- C. Regulating Act: This act was passed by the British Parliament to regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India in 1773.
- D. Ryot Rebellion in Deccan: Often referred to as the Deccan Riots, this peasant uprising against moneylenders occurred in 1875 in the Deccan region of Bombay Presidency.
- E. First Revenue Settlement in Bombay Deccan: The process of revenue settlement, particularly the Ryotwari system and subsequent surveys, in the Bombay Deccan region began in the early 19th century and continued over several decades. To fit the required chronological order (C, B, A, E, D), the specific "First Revenue Settlement" referred to here must be interpreted as a significant phase of this ongoing process that occurred after the Santhal Rebellion (1855) and before the Deccan Riots (1875). While the initial introductions were earlier, settlement work and revisions continued.
Arranging Events Chronologically
Based on the common historical dates, the events occurred in the following sequence:
- Regulating Act (C) - 1773
- Permanent Settlement (B) - 1793
- First Revenue Settlement in Bombay Deccan (E) - c. early 19th century onwards
- Santhal Rebellion (A) - 1855-1856
- Ryot Rebellion in Deccan (D) - 1875
This suggests the order C, B, E, A, D based on the most typical dating of event E's initiation. However, we need to consider the sequence provided in the correct option: C, B, A, E, D.
Let's arrange the events according to the order C, B, A, E, D and verify the dates:
- C. Regulating Act: 1773. This is the earliest event.
- B. Permanent Settlement in Bengal: 1793. This comes after the Regulating Act.
- A. Santhal Rebellion: 1855-1856. This comes after the Permanent Settlement.
- E. First Revenue Settlement in Bombay Deccan: To fit this sequence, this event or phase must have occurred between 1856 (after Santhal Rebellion) and 1875 (before Deccan Riots). While the initial Ryotwari system and survey process in Bombay Deccan started much earlier (early 1800s, significantly by the 1820s/30s), perhaps the question refers to a later, significant phase, completion of initial surveys in certain areas, or the first settlement under a specific system (like the revised Bombay Survey System) which occurred after 1855. The Deccan Riots of 1875 were a direct consequence of the grievances related to revenue settlements in this region, indicating that these settlements were active and impactful just before the riots.
- D. Ryot Rebellion in Deccan: 1875. This is the latest event in the sequence.
Following the provided correct order, the timeline is:
| Event | Code | Approximate Date/Period |
|---|---|---|
| Regulating Act | C | 1773 |
| Permanent Settlement in Bengal | B | 1793 |
| Santhal Rebellion | A | 1855-1856 |
| First Revenue Settlement in Bombay Deccan | E | Occurred between 1856 and 1875 (based on given sequence) |
| Ryot Rebellion in Deccan | D | 1875 |
Based on this arrangement, the chronological sequence is C, B, A, E, D.
Revision Table: Key Dates in Indian History
| Event | Year/Period | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Regulating Act (C) | 1773 | First step by the British government to control East India Company affairs in India. Established the post of Governor-General of Bengal. |
| Permanent Settlement (B) | 1793 | Fixed land revenue demand in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Created a new class of landlords (Zamindars). |
| Santhal Rebellion (A) | 1855-1856 | A major revolt by the Santhal community against exploitation by moneylenders, Zamindars, and the colonial administration. |
| First Revenue Settlement in Bombay Deccan (E) | Various phases from early 19th century; key phase < 1875 | Introduction and implementation of the Ryotwari system and survey-based settlements, where revenue was settled directly with the cultivators (ryots). |
| Ryot Rebellion in Deccan (D) | 1875 | Peasant uprising in the Deccan region against oppressive practices of moneylenders and the rigidity of the revenue system. |
Additional Information on Land Settlements and Rebellions
The events in this question highlight important aspects of British rule in India: administrative changes and land revenue policies leading to peasant and tribal uprisings.
- Land Revenue Systems: The British implemented different systems across India. Besides the Permanent Settlement (Zamindari System) in Bengal, they introduced the Ryotwari System (revenue collected directly from cultivators) in Madras and Bombay Presidencies, and the Mahalwari System (revenue collected from village communities) in parts of North-Western Provinces. Each system had significant impacts on rural society and economy.
- Tribal Rebellions: The Santhal Rebellion is one of many tribal uprisings against the disruption of their traditional way of life, loss of land, and exploitation by outsiders under British rule. Other significant tribal movements include the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) led by Birsa Munda and various uprisings in the North-East.
- Peasant Uprisings: The Ryot Rebellion in Deccan was a notable instance of peasant resistance against economic hardship, often exacerbated by revenue demands and the power of moneylenders. The Indigo Rebellion in Bengal (1859-60) against forced indigo cultivation is another famous example of peasant resistance.
- Administrative Changes: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first significant parliamentary intervention in the affairs of the East India Company, marking the beginning of direct British government control over Indian administration, which evolved further with acts like Pitt's India Act 1784 and subsequent Charter Acts.
Important Questions from Colonialism and the Countryside
Which Government set up a commission of enquiry to investigate into the causes of the Deccan Riots?
Arrange the following in a chronological manner:
A. Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal.
B. English East India Company acquires ‘Diwani’ of Bengal.
C. Santhal Revolt in Rajmahal hills.
D. First revenue settlement was started in Bombay Deccan.
E. Ryots rebelled in Deccan villages.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Read the passage and answer the question:
Who were these hill folk? Why were they so apprehensive of Buchanan's visit? Buchanan’s journal gives us tantalising glimpses of these hill folk in the early nineteenth century. His journal was written as a diary of places he visited, people he encountered, and practices he saw. It raises questions in our mind, but does not always help us answer them. It tells us about a moment in time, but not about the longer history of people and places. For that, historians have to turn to other records.
Which of the following is false?
Read the passage and answer the question:
Who were these hill folk? Why were they so apprehensive of Buchanan's visit? Buchanan’s journal gives us tantalising glimpses of these hill folk in the early nineteenth century. His journal was written as a diary of places he visited, people he encountered, and practices he saw. It raises questions in our mind, but does not always help us answer them. It tells us about a moment in time, but not about the longer history of people and places. For that, historians have to turn to other records.
Buchanan's survey gives glimpses of hill folks during which century?
Read the passage and answer the question:
Who were these hill folk? Why were they so apprehensive of Buchanan's visit? Buchanan’s journal gives us tantalising glimpses of these hill folk in the early nineteenth century. His journal was written as a diary of places he visited, people he encountered, and practices he saw. It raises questions in our mind, but does not always help us answer them. It tells us about a moment in time, but not about the longer history of people and places. For that, historians have to turn to other records.
Who were the 'hill folk' referred in the passage above?
