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Question

All professors are researchers 
Some scientists are professors 

Which of the given conclusions is logically valid and is inferred from the above arguments:

The correct answer is
Some researchers are scientists

Premises Summary

The core statements (premises) provided are:

  • All professors are researchers.
  • Some scientists are professors.

Reasoning Process

We can determine the valid conclusion by linking the premises:

  1. Consider the group defined in the second premise: There exists at least one person who is both a scientist and a professor.
  2. Apply the rule from the first premise: Since every professor is also a researcher, the individuals identified in the previous step (who are scientists and professors) must necessarily also be researchers.
  3. Synthesize the information: This establishes that there are individuals who belong to both the category of scientists and the category of researchers.

Inferred Conclusion

Based on this logical deduction, the conclusion that is necessarily true is that some researchers are scientists.

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Important Questions from Syllogism

  1. Statements:
    1. All heroes are winners.
    2. All winners are lucky people.
    Inferences:
    I. All lucky people are heroes.
    II. Some lucky people are heroes.
    III. Some winners are heroes.
    Which of the above inferences can be logically deduced from statements 1 and 2? 

  2. Human beings are one among many creatures that inhabit an imagined world. In this imagined world, some creatures are cruel. If in this imagined world, it is given that the statement “Some human beings are not cruel creatures” is FALSE, then which of the following set of statement(s) can be logically inferred with certainty? 
    (i) All human beings are cruel creatures.
    (ii) Some human beings are cruel creatures.
    (iii) Some creatures that are cruel are human beings.
    (iv) No human beings are cruel creatures.

  3. Given below are four statements.
    Statement 1: All students are inquisitive.
    Statement 2: Some students are inquisitive.
    Statement 3: No student is inquisitive.
    Statement 4: Some students are not inquisitive.
    From the given four statements, find the two statements that CANNOT BE TRUE simultaneously, assuming that there is at least one student in the class.
  4. Based only on the truth of the statement ‘Some humans are intelligent', which one of the following options can be logically inferred with certainty?
  5. Given below are two statements and four conclusions drawn based on the statements.
    Statement 1: Some bottles are cups.
    Statement 2: All cups are knives.
    Conclusion I: Some bottles are knives.
    Conclusion II: Some knives are cups.
    Conclusion III: All cups are bottles.
    Conclusion IV: All knives are cups.
    Which one of the following options can be logically inferred? 

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