According to Jainism education tradition the first method of learning is ......................
Prarthana or prayer
The four options are not a set of alternatives but an ordered sequence, and the question asks which stands at its head.
In the Jain tradition learning opens with prarthana, prayer or invocation. Study is treated as a spiritual undertaking rather than a merely intellectual one, so it begins by invoking the Tirthankaras and composing the mind — the standard opening recitation being the Namokar mantra. Its purpose is to establish humility and concentration in the learner, since knowledge is held to be received only by a mind prepared to receive it.
The remaining three follow from it in order, which is why each is a genuine step and none of them is the first.
Deshana shravan, careful listening to the teacher's discourse, comes second, once the learner is settled and attentive. The teaching is heard from the guru before it is approached in any other way.
Amnaya, concentrated reading and repetition of the text, comes third, fixing what has been heard through steady recitation and study.
Anutprekshya, deep reflection on what has been learnt, comes last. It is the stage at which the learner contemplates the meaning and internalises it, and it presupposes everything before it.
The progression therefore runs from preparing the mind, to hearing, to reading, to reflecting.
Hence the first method of learning is prarthana or prayer.
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Important Questions from Higher Education in Ancient India
Nalanda was an ancient centre of learning for which religion?
Karmaṇy-evādhikāras te mā phaleṣu kadācana;
mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi.
This profound teaching on the nature of action and its results is primarily found in:
- In 2006 __________ urged to create the synergy between education and research in higher eduaction institution.
- Which of the following Universities were established as unitary Universities for teaching and research by the rulers of princely states ?
- At the time of independence, in 1947 India had __________ universities.
