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Question

A volcanic phenomenon that involves hot, high density mixture of rock fragments, ash and expanding gases is called

This question was previously asked in
MH SET 2026 Paper 1 Question Paper (25-Oct-2026)
The correct answer is

Pyroclastic flow

Explosive volcanic eruptions eject fragmented material called pyroclasts (tephra: ash, lapilli, bombs) along with hot gases.

When the eruption column collapses or a lava dome fails, a hot (often 200–700 °C), dense, ground-hugging mixture of rock fragments, ash and expanding gases rushes down the volcano’s slopes at high speed. This is a pyroclastic flow (also called nuée ardente), as seen at Mount Pelée in 1902 and Vesuvius in 79 AD.

An avalanche is a rapid slide of snow, ice or debris down a slope; a slump is a rotational mass movement of a coherent block of material; ash fall is tephra settling out of the air from an eruption plume rather than a dense flow moving along the ground.

Hence, the answer is Pyroclastic flow.

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