A researcher has identified a problem but has very little prior information about it. Which research design would generally be most appropriate ?
Exploratory
Research designs are broadly classified as exploratory (formulative), descriptive and diagnostic, and experimental (hypothesis-testing) designs (Kothari, Research Methodology).
When a researcher has identified a problem but knows very little about it, the first need is to understand the problem, discover insights and formulate precise hypotheses. That is the purpose of an exploratory design. It is flexible and uses methods such as a survey of the literature, an experience survey of knowledgeable persons and analysis of insight-stimulating examples.
A descriptive design requires a clearly defined problem and specific variables, because it describes the characteristics of a population accurately. A diagnostic design studies the frequency or association of variables and again presupposes prior knowledge. An experimental design tests hypotheses about cause and effect under controlled conditions, which is impossible before hypotheses even exist.
Exploratory option is correct.
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