Condition Larvae in diapause Larvae NOT in diapause Treatment 1 $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD 2 28 Treatment 2 $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD 7 23 Treatment 3 $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD 12 18 Treatment 4 $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD 29 1
Diapause Influence Analysis
The experiment examines the effect of two abiotic factors, temperature and daylength, on the diapause of moth larvae. We evaluate the provided data to determine which factors influence this biological process.
Experimental Data Summary
| Condition | Larvae in diapause | Larvae NOT in diapause | Total Larvae |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment 1: $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| Treatment 2: $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD | 7 | 23 | 30 |
| Treatment 3: $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD | 12 | 18 | 30 |
| Treatment 4: $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD | 29 | 1 | 30 |
Analyzing Temperature Effects
Compare results while keeping daylength constant:
- At 12:12 LD: Diapause prevalence differs between $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (22/30) and $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (7/30).
- In DD: Diapause prevalence differs between $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (12/30) and $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (29/30).
These comparisons indicate that temperature influences diapause.
Analyzing Daylength Effects
Compare results while keeping temperature constant:
- At $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$: Diapause prevalence differs between 12:12 LD (22/30) and DD (12/30).
- At $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$: Diapause prevalence differs significantly between 12:12 LD (7/30) and DD (29/30).
These comparisons indicate that daylength influences diapause.
Conclusion Evaluation
The data clearly show that both temperature and daylength affect the rate of diapause in the moth larvae. Therefore:
- Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect because they claim independence or influence by only one factor.
- Option 4 is correct because the analysis supports the conclusion that both temperature and daylength influence diapause.
Important Questions from Abiotic factors
The table below lists potential environmental conditions in future climates, related to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ($CO_2$) and mean annual temperature (MAT).
The table also lists potential outcomes with respect to whether conditions will favour grasses with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways.
Assuming no other changes in environmental conditions, match the options in the two columns.Environmental conditions Outcomes (P) Increased $CO_2$, no change in MAT (i) C3 performs better than C4 (Q) No change in $CO_2$, increased MAT (ii) C4 performs better than C3 (iii) C3 and C4 perform equally - Mean global temperature since pre-industrial times has increased approximately by
- Terrestrial plants conduct gas exchange through stomata. Having only few stomata on the leaf surface is a common adaptation to which one of the following conditions?
- Some air-breathing marine vertebrates such as whales, seals and marine turtles possess adaptations for long, deep dives. Which one or more of the following is/are examples of such adaptations?
- Which one or more of the following is/are greenhouse gas(es)?
