Condition Larvae in diapause Larvae NOT in diapause Treatment 1 $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD 2 28 Treatment 2 $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD 7 23 Treatment 3 $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD 12 18 Treatment 4 $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD 29 1
Diapause Influence Analysis
The experiment examines the effect of two abiotic factors, temperature and daylength, on the diapause of moth larvae. We evaluate the provided data to determine which factors influence this biological process.
Experimental Data Summary
| Condition | Larvae in diapause | Larvae NOT in diapause | Total Larvae |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment 1: $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| Treatment 2: $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, 12:12 LD | 7 | 23 | 30 |
| Treatment 3: $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD | 12 | 18 | 30 |
| Treatment 4: $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$, DD | 29 | 1 | 30 |
Analyzing Temperature Effects
Compare results while keeping daylength constant:
- At 12:12 LD: Diapause prevalence differs between $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (22/30) and $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (7/30).
- In DD: Diapause prevalence differs between $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (12/30) and $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ (29/30).
These comparisons indicate that temperature influences diapause.
Analyzing Daylength Effects
Compare results while keeping temperature constant:
- At $27\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$: Diapause prevalence differs between 12:12 LD (22/30) and DD (12/30).
- At $18\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$: Diapause prevalence differs significantly between 12:12 LD (7/30) and DD (29/30).
These comparisons indicate that daylength influences diapause.
Conclusion Evaluation
The data clearly show that both temperature and daylength affect the rate of diapause in the moth larvae. Therefore:
- Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect because they claim independence or influence by only one factor.
- Option 4 is correct because the analysis supports the conclusion that both temperature and daylength influence diapause.
Important Questions from Abiotic factors
- Species that co-occur in space and time tend to be similar to each other in traits such as tolerance to heat or to drought. This is most likely because of _________.
- Terrestrial plants conduct gas exchange through stomata. Having only few stomata on the leaf surface is a common adaptation to which one of the following conditions?
- Some air-breathing marine vertebrates such as whales, seals and marine turtles possess adaptations for long, deep dives. Which one or more of the following is/are examples of such adaptations?
- Which one or more of the following is/are greenhouse gas(es)?
- You are a plant ecologist studying a plant in the genus Veronica. You notice that, at open rocky sites, Veronica grows as a creeper spreading low to the ground, whereas in grasslands, the stem stands upright. You collect seeds from multiple populations in each habitat type and grow them under uniform conditions in a greenhouse. You find that all the plants grown in the greenhouse have stems that stand upright. Which one or more of the following explanations best support(s) your observations?
