Understanding Dugongs: Marine Mammals in India

Dugongs, often called 'sea cows', are fascinating marine mammals. They are the only strictly marine species of the order Sirenia, which also includes manatees. Found in warm coastal waters from the western Pacific Ocean to the eastern coast of Africa, dugongs are known for their gentle nature and their diet, which consists primarily of seagrasses. Let's examine the statements provided about dugongs in India.

Analyzing Statements about Dugongs in India

Let's break down each statement to determine its accuracy regarding dugongs found in India:

1. Statement 1: It is a herbivorous marine animal.
   • Dugongs are indeed marine mammals. They live their entire lives in the ocean.
   • Their diet consists almost exclusively of seagrasses. They graze on seagrass meadows, making them herbivores.
   • This statement accurately describes a key characteristic of dugongs.
   Conclusion: Statement 1 is correct.
2. Statement 2: It is found along the entire coast of India.
   • While dugongs are found in Indian waters, their distribution is not uniform along the entire coastline.
   • They are typically found in shallow coastal areas that have extensive seagrass beds, which are their primary food source.
   • Key habitats for dugongs in India include the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, the Gulf of Kutch, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These are specific locations, not the entire coast.
   Conclusion: Statement 2 is incorrect.
3. Statement 3: It is given legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
   • The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is India's primary legislation for the protection of wildlife.
   • Schedule I of this Act lists species that are granted the highest level of protection. Hunting or harming these species is strictly prohibited and attracts severe penalties.
   • Dugongs are considered vulnerable globally and are listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in India, recognizing their need for maximum conservation efforts.
   Conclusion: Statement 3 is correct.

Identifying the Correct Statements

Based on our analysis:

• Statement 1 is correct (herbivorous marine animal).
• Statement 2 is incorrect (not found along the entire coast).
• Statement 3 is correct (protected under Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972).

Therefore, the correct statements are 1 and 3.

Revision Table: Dugong Facts

Additional Information: Dugong Conservation

Dugongs are facing threats primarily due to habitat loss (seagrass degradation), entanglement in fishing gear, boat strikes, and hunting in some areas. Conservation efforts in India include establishing Marine National Parks and Sanctuaries in their habitats, community participation in conservation, and awareness programs. Listing under Schedule I provides a strong legal framework for their protection.