Humayun's Artists: Key Figures in Mughal Painting

The question asks to identify the two master artists who accompanied Emperor Humayun to India after he successfully regained his throne. This period marks a significant turning point in the history of Indian art, particularly the development of Mughal painting.

Historical Context: Humayun's Return

Humayun, the second Mughal emperor, was exiled from India for about 15 years. He eventually regained control of his empire in 1555 with the help of the Safavid dynasty of Persia. During his exile and time in Persia, Humayun was exposed to the rich artistic traditions of the region, particularly its manuscript illumination and miniature painting.

Arrival of Master Painters

Upon his return to power in India, Humayun invited two highly skilled Persian artists to join his court. These artists were instrumental in establishing the foundations of Mughal painting, blending Persian styles with indigenous Indian traditions.

• Mir Sayyid Ali: He was a renowned Persian painter and illuminator, known for his delicate lines and vibrant colours. He had previously worked under his father, Sultan Ali Mashhadi, and later served the Safavid court.
• Abd us Samad: Also a highly accomplished Persian artist, Abd us Samad was skilled in calligraphy and painting. He came from Shiraz and was known for his meticulous detail and architectural depictions.

Together, Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd us Samad played a pivotal role in training the next generation of Mughal artists, including Humayun's son, Emperor Akbar. Their work laid the groundwork for the flourishing school of Mughal miniature painting that would characterize the era.

Evaluating the Options

Based on historical records, the correct pair of master artists who came to India with Humayun are Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd us Samad.

• Options mentioning Bihzad are incorrect because Bihzad was a prominent Persian artist of the preceding generation (late 15th and early 16th centuries) and had died before Humayun's return to power.
• Options mentioning Shah Tahmasp and Shah Muzaffar are incorrect. While Shah Tahmasp was the Safavid ruler who initially helped Humayun, he was a patron, not an artist who moved to India. Shah Muzaffar is not historically associated with this specific event.

Therefore, the accurate answer is the one that lists Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd us Samad.