Who was the first to develop a mathematical predictive heliocentric model of the solar system?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center and not the Earth. His work laid the foundation for modern astronomy.
In which year did Galileo describe the regular, swinging motion of a pendulum by the action of gravity and acquired momentum?