The statement "Temples of Modern India" is a famous quote associated with the vision for development and progress in post-independence India. It highlights the significance placed on infrastructure projects, particularly large dams, as symbols of national growth and prosperity.

Understanding the Significance of Dams in Modern India

In the early years after gaining independence, India faced significant challenges related to agriculture, power generation, and industrial growth. Large-scale multipurpose river valley projects, involving the construction of dams, were seen as crucial solutions. These projects aimed to:

• Provide irrigation water to vast agricultural lands, boosting food production and ensuring food security.
• Generate hydroelectricity to power industries and illuminate homes, supporting industrialization and improving living standards.
• Control floods, protecting lives and property in flood-prone areas.
• Facilitate navigation and inland water transport.
• Support fisheries and provide recreational facilities.

These projects were not just about engineering; they represented a step towards self-reliance and modernization for a newly independent nation. They were symbols of human effort overcoming natural challenges for the betterment of society.

Identifying the Leader Who Coined the Phrase

The phrase "Temples of Modern India" was coined by a prominent leader who played a pivotal role in shaping the policies and vision of independent India. This leader saw these massive construction projects, the dams and the associated infrastructure, as sacred sites in the context of the new nation's development, much like ancient temples were centers of life and culture in the past. These modern 'temples' were dedicated to the service of humanity, focused on uplifting the nation through economic and technological advancement.

Let's consider the options provided:

• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: Known as the 'Father of the Nation', his focus was primarily on non-violence, rural self-sufficiency (Gram Swaraj), and ethical living. While supportive of India's progress, this specific quote is not attributed to him in the context of large industrial projects.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: A key figure in the integration of princely states and the consolidation of India, he was instrumental in administration and unity. While involved in nation-building, this specific phrase about dams is not commonly associated with him.
• T. T. Krishnamachari: Served as Finance Minister and played a significant role in India's economic policy. While involved in development planning, this quote is not attributed to him.
• Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru: India's first Prime Minister, he was a strong proponent of scientific temper, industrialization, and planned economic development. He championed large infrastructure projects like dams, steel plants, and power stations as essential for India's progress. It is Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru who famously referred to these projects, especially large dams, as the "Temples of Modern India." He delivered this statement during the inauguration of the Bhakra Nangal Dam, highlighting its immense importance for the nation's future.

Therefore, the leader who called dams as the ‘Temples of Modern India’ is Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, recognizing their role in building a strong, modern, and self-sufficient nation.

Revision Table: Key Leaders and Their Contributions

Additional Information: The Bhakra Nangal Dam Context

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru's famous quote was prominently associated with the Bhakra Nangal Dam, one of the earliest and largest multipurpose river valley projects undertaken after India's independence. Located on the Sutlej River, this dam was a symbol of India's commitment to harnessing its resources for development. Its construction involved significant engineering challenges and international cooperation. Inaugurating the dam was a moment of great national pride, embodying the aspirations of the new nation to overcome poverty and build a prosperous future through scientific and technological advancements. Nehru's description of it as a 'temple' reflected the deep reverence and hope placed in such projects for the upliftment of the masses and the building of a strong, modern India.