Understanding the First Jaina Nun

This question asks about a significant figure in the history of Jainism, specifically concerning the establishment of the female monastic order. Identifying the first Jaina nun helps us understand the early development and organization of the Jaina community under Tirthankara Mahavira.

Analyzing the Options

Let's look at the individuals mentioned in the options and their historical context:

• Chandana: Also known as Chandrabala. Historical accounts identify her as the first woman to be initiated into monkhood (specifically as a nun, or 'Sadhvi') by Mahavira himself. She is considered the leader of the female monastic order in early Jainism.
• Khema: Khema was a prominent female disciple of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. She was known for her wisdom and was considered one of the chief female disciples (Bhikkhunis). Therefore, she is associated with Buddhism, not Jainism.
• Sujata: Sujata is known in Buddhist tradition as the woman who offered milk-rice (kheer) to Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha-to-be) just before his enlightenment. Like Khema, she is a figure from Buddhism, not Jainism.
• Trisala: Trisala, also known as Priyakarini, was the mother of Tirthankara Mahavira. While a very important figure in Jaina tradition as Mahavira's mother, she was not the first Jaina nun.

Identifying the First Jaina Nun

Based on historical and traditional Jaina texts, Chandana holds the distinction of being the first woman to renounce worldly life and become a nun under the guidance of Mahavira. Her leadership was crucial in organizing the female monastic community, which became a vital part of the fourfold Jaina order (monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen).

Conclusion

Among the given options, Chandana is the individual recognized as the first Jaina nun.

The final answer is Chandana.

Revision Table: Key Figures

Additional Information on Jaina Monasticism

The monastic order is central to Jainism. The fourfold order (Chaturvidha Sangha) consists of:

• Sadhus (monks)
• Sadhvis (nuns)
• Shravakas (laymen)
• Shravikas (laywomen)

Monks and nuns follow strict vows, including non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-possession (aparigraha). Lay followers support the monastics and strive to follow the vows to the best of their ability while living in the world.

The establishment of a strong female monastic order led by figures like Chandana was crucial for the spread and survival of Jainism, allowing women equal opportunity for spiritual pursuit and liberation.